Vetiver oil is obtained by steam distillation of dried roots of vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides).
Vetiver can grow up to 1.5 metres high and wide. The stems are tall and the leaves are long, thin, and rather rigid; the flowers are brownish-purple. Somewhat uniquely, vetiver has deep and well-matted roots which can grow anything up 4 metres in depth.
Originating in India, vetiver is widely cultivated in the tropical regions of the world. The world's major producers include Haiti, India, Java (Indonesia), and Réunion.
Cultivated for the fragrant essential oil distilled from its roots, vetiver is deeply integrated into the western perfumery industry.
Worldwide production is estimated at about 250 tons per annum of which Indonesia contributes between 25 and 30 metric tons.
Vetiver has excellent fixative properties, making it a good woody base in perfumes, in particular men’s fragrances.
Some notable examples include Dior's Eau Sauvage, Guerlain Vetiver, Mr. Vetiver by Une Nuit a Bali, Zizan by Ormonde Jayne and Vetiver by L'Occitane.
Vetiver is cultivated across Indonesia, with significant production in Java and Sumatra. It is also grown in some regions of Sulawesi. The climate and soil conditions in these areas help cultivate superior product. Vetiver thrives in Indonesia’s tropical climate. It requires warmth, humidity, and abundant rainfall to prosper. It is tolerant of varied pH levels but requires well-drained soil. Rich, earthy oil is distilled from the roots of vetiver through steam distillation. Indonesian vetiver is favoured for its unique earthy, smoky, and sweet notes.
Its rich, complex aroma makes it a sought-after base note in high-end perfumes. The consistent and high quality of Indonesian vetiver oil has solidified its standing in the global market. With buyers seeking options beyond Haiti, there was a global interest in vetiver oil produced in Indonesia. Approximately 12-14 tons of oil was produced last year. There is significant demand for the oil, leading to a constant increase in price. In 2024, 1100-1300 tons of oil was produced.
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