Cool and moist areas of north and central America, Europe, Asia and northern Africa are well suited for fir growth. The mountainous regions in the west of North America are also home to fir trees. A well-drained and moist soil is critical for the growth of the fir needle tree. Acidic or neutral soil with pH levels of 5.5-7 is considered ideal for fir needle. Full sunlight is also an important component for the cultivation of fir needle trees. Oil is extracted via steam distillation from fir needles. It is colourless to pale yellow with a fresh, woody, sweet aroma. Fir needle oil is used in aromatherapy and is a popular ingredient in making perfumes, bath oils, and air fresheners. The supply of fir needle oil is also impacted by limited raw material availability. Distillation volumes have come down in 2023–24 as compared to 2021–22. Government sanctions and restrictions on bank payments are responsible for the scarcity of raw materials.