Citronella is a tall tropical grass that thrives in humid, warm climates with regular rainfall. While adaptable to many soil types, it performs best in light, well-drained soils with good fertility. Major cultivation zones are found in Kerala, Karnataka, Assam, and West Bengal.

The oil, produced through steam distillation of the grass, contains citronellal and geraniol and has a lemony, grassy scent. Internationally, citronella oil is famous as a natural insect repellent, especially in sprays, candles, and coils. It is also used in perfumery, soaps, and household products. There is a high demand for the oil and supply is unable to match the incoming orders. Market is expected to stay volatile until production increases. Cultivation of citronella has decreased in India, largely due to government subsidies for alternative crops, which have encouraged farmers to diversify. Production is further affected by labour shortages. Fresh production is limited, and carryforward stocks have been absorbed by longstanding demand. This imbalance has kept prices elevated.