Douglas Fir Oil Pseudotsuga menziesii Harvest: March - April

The Argentine variety is sold in the USA as a unique and refined offering compared to the North American varieties. It is primarily used in aromatherapy. The 2022 production volumes were larger than 2020-2021.

Fabiana Imbricata Oil Pichi Pichi Oil Harvest: December - January

Harvest season for Fabiana begins in December and goes on till January. The harvest volumes increased this year to 50-100 kgs. Fabiana is primarily used in fine fragrances, and perfumes made from the oil are internationally acclaimed.

Lemon Oil Citrus limon (L.) Burm. F. Harvest: May - July

The lemon sector in Argentina is facing a major crisis primarily due to fertiliser prices, which have increased by more than 100%, and due to the high costs of international freight, which have increased since the pandemic. The sector has also been affected by the devaluation of the euro and the increase of more than 70% in the salaries of the workforce. In addition, lemon production has grown worldwide, which has caused a decrease in international prices.

It is becoming noticeable that some producers are leaving the citrus activity. It is estimated that 3,000 to 5,000 hectares in Tucumán will stop growing citrus and start producing sugar-alcohol. It should be noted that the Northwest of Argentina concentrates 95.6% of the total production of lemons. Tucumán produces 87.5%, Salta 5.7% and Jujuy 2.4%.

The current lemon crop which in MY 2021/22 is expected to be 1.90 million metric tones (MMT) which is higher than the last crop and as a result, lemons allocated for the industry for processing will also increase, and the forecast is for 1.49 MMT to be processed which is higher than the last crop which was 1.38 MMT.

Main takeaways:

• High inventory levels of lemon oil in Argentina since the last few crops were above average size.
• Because of the higher crop sizes, the price of lemon oil has remained soft for the past couple.
• of years and the growers are feeling the effects in their pockets.
• Cost of production is higher because of inflation, which combined with labour issues is not helping the already difficult situation.
• Price is stable and on the low side – the first time in history that the lemon oil price is lower than orange oil.
• Processors are using more efficient processing with higher yield to produce lemon oil and hence more supply.
• Current price of lemon oil is not sustainable for processors.
• G rowers are removing lemon trees and replacing with sugarcane – this will result in less supply in the future and the price of lemon oil will increase.

ARGENTINA LEMON PRODUCTION, SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION (‘000 MT)

Pinus Ponderosa Oil Pinus ponderosa Harvest: April, June

While it is mainly used for aromatherapy, there is increased interest for Pinus ponderosa from the fragrance industry. The oil is obtained from the needles. The production in 2022 decreased from previous seasons.

Buddawood Oil Eremophila mitchellii Harvest: March - October

Demand and supply are balanced, which has kept the price in check. Timber is being stocked, and production can be increased if demand goes up.

Eucalyptus Oil Dives Eucalyptus dives Harvest: July - October

At present demand is steady. New plantation areas are being added that will increase production.

Eucalyptus Olida Oil Eucalyptus olida Harvest: February - April

There is a steady demand for the oil. New product with 80% methyl cinnamate concentration is available in the market. Small volumes are being produced and
stocks have gone down.

Eucalyptus Radiata Oil Eucalyptus radiata Harvest: April - November

There is consistent demand for the oil, but production is limited. With depleting stocks, the price of the oil has gone up.

Kanuka Oil Kunzea ericoides Harvest: September - March

There is limited demand for this product. Raw materials are mostly harvested from the wild. Production volumes are low. There is no stock available.

Lemon Myrtle Oil Backhousia citriodora Harvest: June - August

Demand for lemon myrtle oil is increasing. Production has increased to cater to the growing demand. Both varieties of organic and conventional are available.

Lemon Scented Tea Tree Oil Leptospermum petersonii Harvest: July - September

Plantations for this crop have been increasing in the northern NSW region. The coming season will have greater production volume.

Manuka Oil Leptospermum scoparium Harvest: All Year

Demand for this oil has been stable for some time. Oil production has not increased as a consequence. The quality available is +20% mbk (methyl butyl ketone). The oil price is also stable.

Rosalina Oil Melaleuca ericifolia Harvest: April - November

Floods have adversely affected production. Varieties from the north have high linalool and low cineol content. Production volumes are limited at present.

Sandalwood Oil - Northern Queensland Santalum spicatum Harvest: March - October

The next harvest cycle is in 2023. Production is holding steady and meeting current market demand. Oil in stock is limited.

Sandalwood Oil WA Santalum spicatum Harvest: March - November

Production is expected to increase for this product. Prices are stable.

Sandalwood Vanuatu Oil Santalum austrocaledonicum Harvest: March - October

There is limited demand and supply of the oil. Stock levels are also depleting. New production volumes are expected to be added this year.

Tea Tree Oil Melaleuca alternifolia Harvest: May - November

A very large quantity of the crop has been destroyed due to the floods this year. Harvest operations had been delayed due to persistent bad weather. The industry estimate for the 2022 crop was supposed to be 1,200 MT. However it is currently only at 500 MT. Demand for tea tree oil from Australia has been low. This could be due to the arrival of new origins. Also, due to the supply being low as well prices seem to be stable.

White Cypress Oil Callitris intratropica Harvest: All Year

Production and processing capacity has been expanded. There is a consistent flow of oil stock and suppliers are willing to negotiate price on long-term contracts, though demand for the oil has reduced.

Eucalyptus Oil Citriodora Eucalyptus Citriodora Harvest: May - November

The rainy season has started and this could be the start of low supply. Many distilleries will carry out equipment maintenance as it is difficult to access plantations. Prices may increase in the months to follow.

Lime Tahiti Oil Citrus latifolia Harvest: February, April

The price for Tahiti lime is on the increase in the fresh fruit market in São Paulo because of lower supply even in a market where demand has been weak. As a result of the high prices, exports of limes to the international market have decreased. However, a gradual increase in production is expected and price is expected to decrease which should lower the price for Lime Oil Tahiti.

Orange Oil CP Citrus sinensis Harvest: July - December

Most of Brazil’s orange harvest comes from the state of São Paulo and the western part of Minas Gerais. Those regions are expected to produce 314.09 million boxes (M boxes). This figure represents a decrease of 2.86 M boxes in relation to the initial estimate published in May 2022 and corresponds to 0.9%. The reason for this reduction is the low rainfall volume in the last months, well below the historical average. The average rainfall in the citrus belt accumulated from May to August 2022 was 84 millimetres, which is 48% below the climatological normal. Drier and hotter than normal weather was observed in all regions in that period. The lower rainfall volume affected fruit growth. The orange production forecast for the state of São Paulo and the western part of Minas

Gerais includes:

• 57.10 M boxes of the Hamlin, Westin and Rubi varieties
• 17.04 M boxes of other early season varieties
• 93.95 M boxes of the Pera Rio variety
• 106.78 M boxes of the Valencia and Valencia Folha Murcha varieties
• 39.22 M boxes of the Natal variety.

HLB, commonly called greening disease, and canker incidence are increasing in Brazil. An annual survey by Fundecitrus shows that the average incidence of HLB increased by 1.05% from 22.37% in 2021 to 24.42% in 2022 in Brazil’s citrus belt. In the regions of Brotas, Limeira and Porto Ferreira, where the incidence was already high in previous years, HLB increased to even more worrying levels of 49.41%, 70.72% and 74.05%, respectively. Fundecitrus reported that most regions have a favourable climate for HLB, and that most regions have a high density of orchards and a large number of medium and small properties. Those factors make it difficult to coordinate joint actions for the regional management of the disease. Moreover, in most orchards in production, diseased trees are not being eliminated, and control of HLBspreading psyllids has been inadequate. Inefficient spraying has also contributed to the increase in HLB. Also impairing the effectiveness of psyllid control is the repetitive use of insecticides from the pyrethroid group without adequate rotation with insecticides with other modes of action. That has led to the detection of psyllid resistance to the pyrethroid group in some places.

The Fundecitrus survey also showed growth in the incidence of canker in orchards. According to the new survey, the disease is present in 18.77% of the trees, an increase of 74.44%. Canker accounts for just 0.21% of fruit drop across the citrus belt. The low rate is related to studies carried out by Fundecitrus that adjust the use of copper in the management of the disease. That adjustment does not impact the effectiveness of the treatment and generates savings of 56% in the amount of product used per hectare.

The main takeaways are:

• The lower amount of rainfall affected the weight and sizes of the fruits in the early varieties of oranges and therefore more fruits are required to fill a box.
• Quality is still poor and not meeting the FCC specs for aldehyde content
• More trees are affected by greening so the fruits from these trees are below standard quality
• More fruits are going to the industry for processing because of they are not suitable for the fresh fruit market
• Supply is still very limited because of the lower-than-expected crop size, processors are still filling contract requirements from the last two years and there is no carryover inventory
• Demand is firm

Price is firm because Brazilian production costs are higher by an estimated 27% compared to the previous crop. Costs of fertiliser, energy, freight and labour have all increased.

Rosewood Oil Aniba rosaeodora

Due to many new players entering the market, the availability of rosewood oil from plantations is increasing. However, there are challenges due to CITES bureaucracy.

Lavender Oil Lavandula angustifolia Harvest: July

Slow demand and low prices are diverting farmer interests away from lavender. Many lavender fields in the region are being converted to wheat. The market for conventional and organic lavender is witnessing a downturn, though the current crop has been good and there is enough stock available in the market, but with low demand the price is witnessing a decline.

Melissa Oil Melissa officinalis Harvest: July

The crop was on expected lines and the market has sufficient supply, though the demand for the product remains low.

Rose Oil Rosa damascena Harvest: May - June

The future of the product depends on how producers handle sustainability requirements for production. The price levels and demand from the F&F industry will be based on that. At present the market for the oil is silent. Most of the buyers have procured their requirements from the 2022 crop.
It was a disappointing crop resulting in low quantities of oil produced. There is limited stock in the market.

Black Spruce Oil Picea mariana Harvest: May - August

High volumes of raw material are produced in the northern regions. There is an abundance of oil in the market, though prices are not responding accordingly and are still high.

Cedar Leaf Oil Thuja occidentalis Harvest: March - October

No inventory of the product is available. The production season is over, and shortage of volumes continues.

Fir Needle Oil Abies balsamea Harvest: March - September

Post December some production is expected to resume from Christmas trees. At present, with increasing levels of snowfall, production has halted. There is a shortage of supply in the market. As a result, oil prices have increased.

Cassia Oil Cinnamomum cassia Harvest: May - July, October - December

The demand-supply situation in the last quarter of the year is the same as the earlier quarter. The only fluctuating factor is the exchange rate, due to which the price has seen minor alterations.

Citronella Oil Cymbopogon winterianus Harvest: June - December

Low price over a long period of time has decreased the market supply of the oil as well as the output. The oil price has been impacted by the pandemic and the falling price of Indonesian citronella. The market price of Chinese citronella oil is also witnessing a downfall.

Eucalyptus Citriodora Corymbia citriodora Harvest: June - October

The interest of farmers in distilling the oil has gone down. This is due to the constant fall in oil prices.

Eucalyptus globulus Eucalyptus globulus

Decline in the price of the oil has resulted in reduced farmer interest in distilling it. This could lead to low volumes being produced in the upcoming season. The new production season is about to commence. An increase in market interest for the product will help increase the price.

Geranium Oil Pelargonium graveolens Harvest: May - September

The market for geranium oil is small. There is low demand for it in the market.

Wintergreen Oil Gaultheria procumbens Harvest: July - September

Oil suppliers and farmers are eager to sell wintergreen stock. Demand for the oil remains low, which has led to a decline in price compared to last year.

Amyris Oil Amyris balsamifera Harvest: All Year

The new Dominican Minister is working to halt all contraband of amyris to Haiti. The construction of a new wall along the Haitian-Dominican border is underway. Illegal immigrants from Haiti are also being deported They reside in the forests and are difficult to locate and deport. They have good working conditions and receive decent pay.
Wood is available in the market in good quantities, though its price has gone up over 20%. As per government regulations plant labour costs have also increased 30%.
Haiti is in a difficult situation with the country in a shut-down state. No amyris production is ongoing currently. The last three years have witnessed a fall in the price of the oil. This is due to Haitian producers exporting oil in the Indian market for very low prices.

Clary Sage Oil Moldova Salvia sclarea L. Harvest: June - July

It has been a disappointing crop, but the demand for the oil remains high. This has led to increased prices.

Coriander Herb Oil Corriandrum sativum L. Harvest: July - August

There is limited production of oil. While the market is stable, only small quantities are available for trading.

Coriander Seed Oil Corriandrum sativum L. Harvest: July - August

Starting in 2023 coriander seed oil cannot be imported from Russia and brought into Europe. This will impact available quantities in the market putting pressure on the price. Significant increase in the oil price is expected in the coming year.

Dill Weed Oil Anethum graveolens L. Harvest: July - September

There is limited supply of the oil in the market. Demand continues to be high, which has led to an increase in the price.

Fir Needle Oil Abies sibirica Harvest: November - December

The import of Siberian fir needle oil from Russia into Europe will be stopped, starting in 2023. manufacturers were trying to sell their product in 2022, but high production costs for energy, labour and transport halted the sale and reduced prices. At present the prices have increased and are holding still.

Laurel Leaf Oil Laurus nobilis

The demand and supply for the oil is stable.

Lavender Oil Moldova Lavandula angustifolia Harvest: September

There is abundant supply of the oil in the market. But producers are suffering losses due to the low price of the oil.

Oregano Oil Origanum vulgare Harvest: July - August

There is sufficient supply of oil in the market. Price is mostly stable with a slight increase.

Sage Oil Salvia sclarea Harvest: June - July

There is low supply of oil in the market. An increase in production costs has resulted in a rise in raw material prices compared to last season.

Thuja Oil Thuja orientalis

The market for the oil is stable.

Chamomile Blue Oil Matricaria chamomilla Harvest: March - May

The process of new crop cultivation is in progress, though it is difficult to predict the volumes that will be produced. Good quality blue chamomile oil is available in limited quantity. Inferior quality oils are flooding the market and are being sold at low prices.

Coriander Herb Oil Coriandrum sativum L. Harvest: January - February, June - July

The new crop is only expected in June. Till then the oil will be sold for high prices.

Cumin Seed Oil Cuminum cyminum L. Harvest: May - June

New crop cultivation is in progress. The harvest season is in May and prices are expected to remain high till then. Cumin oil is produced from imported seeds, which are in short supply and are fetching a high price. This has led to an increase in the price of cumin oil. Prices are expected to remain high to encourage farmer interest in the product.

Geranium Oil Pelargonium graveolens Harvest: June - July

The interest of farmers in geranium is reducing with other crops turning out to be more profitable. The next cultivation cycle will commence in December. There has been a slow and steady rise in the oil price.

Jasmine Absolute Jasminum grandiflorum L. Harvest: June - November

At present it is difficult to predict the price of jasmine absolute. The picture will become clear with the upcoming crop cycle in June.

Marjoram Oil Origanum majorana Harvest: August - September

Small quantities of new crop are being cultivated. This has resulted in a rapid increase in the oil price. These price levels are expected to stay.

Neroli Oil Citrus aurantium var. amara Harvest: March - April

The next crop cycle is in March. An indication of the price range will become apparent closer to the upcoming harvest cycle.

Vetiver Oil Vetiveria zizanioides Harvest: February - May

The security concerns in Haiti have halted all production. Fuel availability is an issue, and plants are unable to distil vetiver oil. No oil is available in the market.

Basil Oil Holy Ocimum sanctum Harvest: November - February

The current demand-supply dynamics are balanced. A better picture will emerge during the summer report. The crop cycle is in winter beginning in December and goes on all the way till March.

Cardamom Oil Elettaria cardamomum Harvest: September - December

The ongoing cycle has produced a good crop. The finest yield of cardamom is obtained between August and December, though the crop season commences in June-July and goes on till February. During this period, the pods are plucked five times. India is a major exporter of cardamom, and the food and flavour industry is one of the most important clients.

Carrot Seed Oil Daucus carota

Unlike previous seasons when the crop was fluctuating, while demand was strong, this season the crop has been consistently good. The harvest cycle is from May to August, and it is mainly grown in north India. The demand-supply dynamics have resulted in fluctuating prices this season. It went as high as USD 72/kg and as low as USD 52/kg. At present it is being sold for USD 66/kg.

Coffee Coffea arabica L. / Coffea canephora Harvest: November - January

India produces arabica and robusta variants. While arabica is harvested between November and January, the cycle for robusta begins in December and concludes in April. The robusta crop is looking good. India is a major exporter of arabica as its quality is preferred over products from other countries. Brazil is also a major producer of arabica. Its recent crop suffered huge losses. This has resulted in a 15-20% rise in price and demand for the product in the global market.

Cornmint Oil Mentha arvensis Harvest: May - July

There has been stable demand for the product. While the first half was better, buyers have been conservative in the second half concerned about the looming recession. The carryover stock from 2022 to 2023 is less than the quantities last year. The crop is also expected to be less in comparison to the previous cycle, though prices are expected to hold due to the synthetic menthol varieties coming in from China. With the price of natural cis-3-hexenol going down, the price of finished grade DMO has been increased. With food grain prices making corn more profitable the acreage of Mentha arvensis is expected to go down in northern parts of India from 2023.

Davana Oil Artemisia Pallens Harvest: February - April

Davana was a delight for perfumers since the ketone content used to be in the range of 40-50%. It is now down to 30-40%. Farmers have been reluctant to produce davana oil. Small portions of land produce davana and the yield is very low. Constantly reducing quantities have led to an increase in the price of davana oil. The oil is mostly distilled based on confirmed orders. Last season saw a good harvest and the supply is stable.

Frankincense Oil Boswellia serrata

The harvest cycle for frankincense commences in August and goes on till November. India is the second largest producer of frankincense. Major centres of production are found in north, central and south-west India. The resins and oils are both sought after by the fragrance, aromatherapy, and pharmaceutical industries. This season has produced a good crop resulting in a stable supply and price.

Ginger Oil CO2 Zingiber officinale Harvest: January - April

Indian ginger is famous globally and sought after by the flavour industry. The last few years have seen a good and stable crop. It is grown in southern parts of India.

Jasmine Absolute Jasminum sambac & Jasminum grandiflorum

Unpredictable rain has an adverse effect on jasmine. The recent harvest produced a low yield. Jasmine absolute is sought after by the fragrance industry and produces two variants grandiflorum and sambac. Major plantations of jasmine are found in southern parts of India.

Juniper Berry Juniperus communis

India has been import dependant for the product. Juniper berry is only grown in Himachal Pradesh. Constant efforts have been made to augment the supply and it is now showing results. This should help halt the constantly fluctuating prices. The crop is harvested twice a year in April and November. The current crop is stable.

Lemongrass Oil Cymbopogon citratus Harvest: July - November

The harvest cycle for lemongrass is every 60 days. The last harvest period was in September, and the current one is in progress. Lemongrass is one of the most crucial products in the Indian market. The ongoing harvest has produced a good crop. This has resulted in stable market prices.

Palmarosa Oil Cymbopogon martini Harvest: January - June

The last harvest season produced an abundance of crop. This has resulted in a consistent supply of the oil. Palmarosa is grown in southern parts of India, and the harvest takes place every 3-4 months. The oil price is stable at the moment.

Peppermint Oil Mentha piperita Harvest: April - July

In the last few years, excess rain in the USA has damaged their peppermint crop. This has led to an increase in the demand for Indian peppermint. Major demand is coming in from the confectionery segment. 80% of global mint production happens in India. The harvest season for mint is between June and July. The crop was good this year and there is a consistent supply of oil. Due to the increased global demand for Indian peppermint, the oil price has risen 35-40%.

Spearmint Oil Mentha spicata Harvest: July - August

The demand and supply of the oil is balanced. The crop was good as well. Spearmint is grown in central parts of India. The product is sought after by the flavour and pharmaceutical industries. The oil price is stable.

Star Anise Oil Illicium verum Harvest: September - November

It forms a small portion of India’s essential oils production. The only state in India producing a viable crop of star anise is Arunachal Pradesh. It is grown in spring, but major demand is met by imports from China. The star anise plant is native to southern China and northern Vietnam. In India, the oil is produced by a few suppliers and is distilled based on demand. Some imports are used by the local flavour industry, while some are further exported.

Vetivert Oil Vetiveria zizanoides Harvest: All Year

The harvest season for the product is from January to March, so the next cycle will only commence in January 2023, and a clear picture will emerge during the summer report. Vetiver is produced in north and central India.

Cajeput Oil Melaleuca cajuputi Harvest: All Year

The market for the oil is stable.

Cananga Oil Cananga odorata Harvest: June - August

The demand and supply dynamics for the oil is balanced.

Citronella Oil Cymbopogon winterianus Harvest: October - February

Due to the extreme weather conditions, the oil produced is of inferior quality. There is low demand from the international as well as domestic market. Farmers are reluctant to distil the oil. Producers are mostly selling the product to the perfume industry.

Clove Oil Eugenia caryophyllata Harvest: May - September

Minor quantities of oil are being produced, which has pushed exporters towards Madagascar. Massive rainfall has made conditions unfavourable for clove oil production. This has resulted in a huge decline in production volumes. The quality and quantity of production is also impacted by the yield. The earlier yields did not bear fruits but turned into pods. The leaves also did not dry fully, and their eugenol content was low.

Nutmeg Oil Myristica fragrans Harvest: All Year

Oil yield fell 6-7% due to which many refineries stopped distilling the oil. Due to heavy rainfall the raw materials are not drying completely. This adversely impacts the quality of oil produced. If unfavourable weather conditions persist, the oil price will continue to rise.

Patchouli Oil Pogostemon cablin Harvest: All Year

Exporters are holding back their purchase orders. Oil supply has declined in terms of quality and quantity. Farmers have halted refining oil due to the losses incurred. Harsh weather conditions have led to a decline in the yield.

Demand for the oil has been low. Prices are stable. This trend is expected to continue till the next crop cycle in March 2023. The upcoming crop is also expected to produce a better yield.

Vetiver Oil Vetiveria zizanioides Harvest: January - July

Production volumes are extremely low. The situation could improve by February with the arrival of the new crop. Currently, the oil prices are on the higher side. USD 275.00 rect. /kilo

Bergamot Oil Citrus bergamia Harvest: November - March

The bergamot crop began in November and will continue until the end of February. High temperatures and summertime drought caused a reduction in quantity. Carryover from the last crop is low and prices seem to be stable.

Mandarin Oil Citrus reticulata Harvest: February - May

The mandarin crop started in early October.

Production time:

• October/November: green and yellow mandarin essential oil.
• December/January: red mandarin essential oil. As a result of high temperatures and drought during summertime, the crop is poor.

Lime Oil Citrus aurantifolia Harvest: May - August

Mexico’s lime season is looking promising, though the current fruit increase will only help manufacturers catch up with backlogged orders. There is no carryover from the previous summer crop, which was shorter than usual. Thus far, it looks like the winter lime crop will be a productive one, but the prices of the fresh fruit continue to be high due to the huge demand for the fruit for the fresh market and processing, and the availability of key lime for the industry will be medium-low in November – December. Limited fruit availability has led to a rapid increase in lime oil prices. Additional factors contributing to the difficult lime oil situation include increasing labour, energy, and transport costs; inflation, price fixing by criminal gangs and the destruction of many containers of Brazilian limes because of bacterial disease.

MEXICO PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION OF LIME / LEMONS:

Coriander Seed Oil Corriandrum sativum L. Harvest: July - August

Russia is the only country producing the high yielding variety of coriander utilised for producing essential oil. The qualities produced in Ukraine, Moldova, Bulgaria, Romania, Hungary, Poland, and Turkey produce lower essential oil yields. The volumes produced are also limited, unable to meet the demand-supply dynamics.

Many F&F companies and essential oil sellers are unwilling to buy products from Russia. Starting Jan 8, 2023, the import of all Russian essential oils is prohibited in the European Union. Unless a contract has been signed and registered prior to Oct 7, 2022, all imports of Russian products are banned in the EU. The UK is still allowing the import of Russian essentials, but with a 35% import duty payable on clearance.

It is possible that coriander seeds are exported to Russian neighbouring countries like Moldova and Bulgaria, and the oil is distilled locally, ultimately making its way to the EU markets. The new crop has stabilised the cost of seeds helping reduce the export price of coriander oil from Russian distilleries.

Petitgrain Oil Citrus aurantium Harvest: All Year

There is massive rain in the countryside. Oil production is in progress, though the process is slow due to the prevailing weather conditions. Prices are expected to hold steady.

Eucalyptus Oil Dives Eucalyptus dives Harvest: July - October

Small quantities of the oil are produced depending on client demand. Suppliers are showcasing more interest in fractionated alpha phellandrene and piperitone rather than the actual crude oil.

Eucalyptus Oil Radiata Eucalyptus Radiata Harvest: August - October

It is a niche product and supply for it needs to be carefully handled. Currently, only organic quantities are produced by suppliers, but they are in the process of introducing large volumes of conventional radiata oil from June 2023. There is good demand for eucalyptus radiata in the market. Price will be determined by the demand.

Eucalyptus Smithii Oil Eucalyptus smithii Harvest: July - October

Up to 100 tonnes of organic eucalyptus 80% cineole with REACH registration is available for clients. There is good demand for 100% organic eucalyptus with full traceability. There is a steady supply of organic eucalyptus 80% cineole.

Lemon Oil Citrus limon (L.) Burm. F. Harvest: July - September

Production of lemons/limes increased by 7% to a historic high of 670,000 MT for Marketing Year 2021/22 crop and therefore more fruits will be allocated to processing. This is the result of conducive weather conditions and an increasing number of young trees approaching full production. Lemons allocated to the processing industry in South Africa are only about 16 % of the total production.

Organic Eucalyptus Globulus Eucalyptus globulus Harvest: June - November

The climatic conditions in the growing region are best suited to produce eucalyptus globulus. Suppliers are increasing production capacity for eucalyptus globulus. There is positive indication that soon large volumes will be offered in the market at competitive prices.

Tea Tree Oil Melaleuca alternifolia Harvest: October - January

In contrast to 4 to 5 months ago the market seems to be improving. Buyers are placing more frequent orders, but volumes demanded are small.

Lemon Oil Citrus limon (L.) Burm. F. Harvest: November - July

AILIMPO’s lemon crop estimate for the 2022/2023 season forecasts production in Spain of 1.09 million metric tonnes (MMT). This represents an overall decrease of 10% compared to 2021/2022 that closed with a final production of 1.21 MMT according to the provisional balance that accounts for the fruit exported, processed, sold in the domestic market, as well as weight losses. The balance has been higher than initially expected partly due to higher production of Verna lemons due to the strong increase in sizes, and the important harvest of “rodrejo” lemons in summer.

The expected decline is due to adverse weather conditions in 2022 with significant rainfall events in March and April that affected flowering and fruit setting in many production areas. In addition, summer has been particularly hot with increased temperatures and lack of rain, resulting in delayed fruit development with smaller fruit sizes.

The decrease will be particularly remarkable in the Verna variety, with a 22% drop. In the case of Fino variety, a 5% drop is expected.

SPAIN: FRESH LEMON PRODUCTION (MT)

Black Pepper Oil Piper nigrum L. Harvest: December - February

Overseas demand for the product has reduced. This is primarily because of the concerns regarding sustainability of the product in the future. Non-availability of fertiliser has also impacted the crop. There is a low yield, though oil is available for immediate shipment. With the devaluation of the rupee against the US dollar the price remains the same.

Cinnamon Oil Cinnamomum Zeylanicum Harvest: May - December

Raw material is in short supply. The current season was over mid- December, while the new season will only commence in mid-June 2023. At present the price is stable, but it is expected to increase by the end of January.

Ginger Oil Zingiber officinale Harvest: January - April

Oil stocks are available with suppliers. Last year’s ginger crop was consistent due to fertiliser availability. This year the yield has been low in comparison. The price remains the same due to high inflation.

Nutmeg Oil Myristica fragrans Harvest: February - May

At present there is enough oil in inventory and the crop was also on similar lines as last year. Any reduction in market demand will impact the business negatively.

Laurel Leaf Oil Laurus nobilis Harvest: January - April

Labour availability is a massive concern with the cost of labour almost doubling. During the harvest season in September few pickers were on the field. While the crop was good, the labour issue has led to an increase in price.

Oregano Oil Origanum vulgare Harvest: July - September

Last year the price of oregano took a hit. This has impacted this year’s raw material market. Labour scarcity has led to doubling of salaries. The harvest season starts in mid- June and goes on till the end of September. The crop has been good, but price remains high due to increased production costs.

Rose Oil Rosa damascena Harvest: April - June

Inappropriate rainfall and high labour costs have resulted in a consistent increase in oil extraction rates for the last 3-4 months. The resulting price offered in the market for rose oil is out of the reach of most customers. Buyers have now shifted their focus towards rose concrete and absolute.

Cedarwood Oil Texas Juniperus mexicana Harvest: All Year

Inflation has led to an increase in labour, production, and maintenance costs by almost 30%. Oil is available in short supply, while the demand is strong.

Grapefruit Oil Citrus paradisi Harvest: December - April

The USDA’s December forecast for Florida’s grapefruit production in 2022-23 was trimmed 10% from October’s 2-million-box projection to 1.8 million boxes, 46% less than last season’s final production. Red grapefruit took the biggest hit, dropping from 1.8 million boxes to 1.62 million boxes. White grapefruit fell from 200,000 boxes to 180,000 boxes.

Fruit sizes for both red and white grapefruit are projected to be below average at harvest. Fruit drop is expected to be above the maximum for red grapefruit and above average for white grapefruit.

In summary:

• Supply is limited, especially for white grapefruit oil.
• Demand has decreased, perhaps because most customers have removed grapefruit oils from their formulas because of past price volatility.
• Prices are based on nootkatone content and the typical 0.2% nootkatone material is difficult to find..

USA ESTIMATED GRAPEFRUIT PRODUCTION 2019/2020 TO 2022/2023 FORECAST (‘000 BOXES)

Lemon Oil Citrus limon (L.) Burm. F. Harvest: May - July

The December USDA USA total lemon production forecast for 2022/23 stands 24.15 M boxes. The Arizona production stands at 1.15 M boxes, up from 950,000 boxes final production in 2021/22. The forecast for California production went down from 24.9 M boxes in the 2021/2022 season to 23 M boxes.

USA ESTIMATED LEMON PRODUCTION 2019/2020 TO JULY 2022 FORECAST (‘000 BOXES)

Orange Oil Citrus sinensis Harvest: February - May

The latest US data reflect the effect of October’s Hurricane Ian but do not show the impact of November’s Hurricane Nicole or late December’s Arctic blast and “bomb cyclone”. These will lead to an even greater fall in US citrus output.

The 2022-2023 USDA’s December Florida all orange forecast is for a crop of 20.00 million boxes, down 8.00 million boxes from the October forecast. If realised, this will be 51% less than last season’s final production of 41.05 million boxes – and the lowest orange forecast for many decades. The forecast consists of 7.00 million boxes of non-Valencia oranges (early, mid-season, and Navel varieties) and 13.00 million boxes of Valencia oranges.

The main takeaways are:

• Orange production continues to decline in Florida because of greening – prior to greening Florida produced over 200 million boxes in a typical season.
• Real estate development is growing and many of the citrus groves are now used for building commercial buildings and homes for a growing population
• Unfavourable weather conditions such as freezes, droughts and hurricanes are impacting orange production
• Since Florida processes about 90% of its crop, the lower production volume will affect the supply of juice and orange oil and other by products
• Demand is strong
• Price is on the increase not only because of imbalance of demand and supply but also because of inflation and increased costs for labour and maintenance of the groves and trees
• Supply is at historical low volumes.

USA ESTIMATED ORANGE PRODUCTION 2019/2020 TO 2022/2023 FORECAST (‘000 BOXES)