Lemon Oil Citrus limon (L.) Burm. F. Harvest: May - July

Lemon oil prices are dependent on the size of the Argentine lemon crop, and to a lesser degree on the Spanish, Italian, and Turkish crops. All of these are especially weather sensitive. Other factors influencing price include carryover levels, and the value of the US dollar.

The current Argentine lemon oil market is difficult to predict. Limited offers are being made suggesting some availability. Spot prices have eased and demand remains strong, though there is little stock carryover of lemon oil or juice concentrate.

Genova and Eureka are the key varieties of lemon grown in Argentina. Harvesting is usually from March until August. In 2017/18, the lemon area planted is forecast to remain unchanged at 48,000 hectares. However, replacement of old plants with new ones, partly to minimise the effects of frosts, will increase the number of plants per hectare and increase yields.

2017/18 crop guesstimates vary, ranging between 1.2 million MT to 1.55 million MT. Earlier in the year Federcitrus, the Argentine Citrus Federation, predicted a crop of 1.55 million MT, while the USDA predicted 1.4 million MT, based on favourable weather conditions.

Lemon production, like other fruits, faces problems relating to high taxes and logistical costs, as well as lack of access to credit. Production costs; mainly labour, inputs, energy along with local and international transport costs are increasing. This is partly attributed to an uncompetitive peso and high inflation rates of 20%-35%. In recent years the lifting of export taxes, combined with export rebates have helped reduce upward cost pressures.

Stimulated by attractive European market conditions resulting from lower supplies from Spain and Turkey, fresh lemon exports are likely to rise. Moreover, in late April, Argentina commenced its first shipment of fresh lemons to the USA. The EU, especially Spain and Russia, are the dominant export markets, but successful efforts are being undertaken to expand fresh lemon exports to non-traditional markets.

From an estimated crop of 1.4 million MT an estimated 250,000 MT of fresh lemons will be exported due to larger production and export promotion efforts. An unchanged 70,000 MT will be consumed domestically leaving 1.08 million MT available for processing, compared with 992,000 MT processed from the previous crop.

Increased processing volumes have been facilitated by the growth in production combined with the decision to impose higher quality export standards on fresh fruit. Prices remain firm for both Juice concentrate and lemon oil.

 

Blue Cypress Oil Callitris intratropica Harvest: All Year

Despite an increase in capacity, the market continues to maintain steady levels. The growth in the aromatherapy market has led to the demand touching new high levels.

Buddawood Oil Eremophila mitchellii Harvest: March - October

Current market continues to show steady progress with sales and production figures rising at a healthy rate. With improved and upgraded distillation facilities, there is availability of larger batch sizes. There is an adequate on-ground stock available, implying faster turnaround time.

Eucalyptus Horistes Oil Eucalyptus kochii Harvest: April - November

Production continues to gain momentum as demand increases. Yield from established plantations and crop rotation continues. There is healthy potential for additional supply due to investments in advanced facilities. Further, over the last few years quality has improved tremendously and high quality (>90%) eucalyptol material is readily available.

Eucalyptus Radiata Oil Eucalyptus radiata Harvest: April - November

The total size of Australian production is difficult to calculate, but it is estimated to be not larger than 7 MT per annum. With demand soaring almost threefold, the market remains under pressure to deliver, ultimately leading to a rise in prices. Several known investments are in place to ensure that in 2018 newer plantations will yield more products.

Kunzea Oil Kunzea ambigua Harvest: September - January

With grand plans to produce as much as 5 MT over the next couple of years, there are continuing investments in harvesting, distillation methods, and capacity expansion across Tasmania. These additional volumes have already been committed to meet the growing aromatherapy demand. Even with limited availability, supplies remain stable.

Lemon Myrtle Oil Backhousia citriodora Harvest: June - August

As difficult as it may seem, availability of the pure oil is now more restricted, despite strong demand. The good news is that Golden Grove Naturals is transplanting around 1,000 trees from other farms. Production will commence in June. In order to produce 400-600 kg of oil this year, GGN will be harvesting close to 20 hectares of land.

Rosalina Oil Melaleuca ericifolia Harvest: April - November

In the aromatherapy sector the introduction of a sustainable alternative, referred to as Southern Rosalina, has been very welcome. Supplies on the mainland have been limited, as different qualities of the same botanical are produced in different growing regions within Australia. Thus, two qualities of Rosalina oil are available in the market. Supplies are expected to improve in 2018.

Sandalwood Oil Album Santalum album Harvest: March - November

The supply of Indian sandalwood oil from the two plantation producers continues to be steady, despite the ongoing financial instability recently reported. As such there appears to be reasonable oil volumes available. There are still issues around the stability of one of the producers, but there are some indications that they will be resolved shortly.

 

Sandalwood Oil Lanceolatum Santalum lanceolatum Harvest: March - October

From the Queensland sandalwood species, this is a new entrant in the market. It is golden yellow in colour with an elegant woody odour containing slight floral and citrus undertones. It is traditionally used for carving and incense. This oil feels rounded from the start and its top notes are typically sandalwood. Supplies remain sound with producers willing and able to supply 5 MT per annum.

Smokey Tea Tree Oil Leptospermum.spp. Harvest: All Year

Leptospermum from the Manuka family is often called New Zealand Tea Tree in its native land. The season of earliest harvest will commence in the month of May/June. The plant is native to Tasmania and South East Australia and is harvested for leaves and terminal branches. It grows wild and up to 3 metres tall. With almost 80% levels of alpha pinene, it is a wonderful anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial agent; and a popular ingredient in aromatherapy and Ayurveda products. It is also known to act as a broad-spectrum antibiotic; it functions as an acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor and also a bronchodilator. Although commercial lines are still in the developing stage, there is oil to offer.

Tea Tree Oil Melaleuca alternifolia Harvest: May - November

The incessant rains during 2018 have put more pressure on production, causing no carryover stock. The situation will not relax in the short to midterm and oil prices on an anticipated rise. The production season is due to commence in June and carries on till August 2018.

Kumquat Oil Fortunella japonica Harvest: December - February

There is considerable activity at the end-user level for this oil. This has prompted developmental work and implementations to expand capacity, which is currently around 5 MT per annum. Production estimates for 2018 peg the figures to be at par with last year’s since the cultivated area is well protected from unusual climatic conditions.

Orange Oil CP Citrus sinensis Harvest: July - December

The forecast for the new 2018/19 crop, which starts in May is lower, in part because it is an off year, when the trees are more stressed following the large 2017/18 crop. In addition, the trees were partially damaged by last September’s dry weather. The 9th May Fundecitrus forecast covering the groves in São Paulo and South of Minas Gerais, is of 288 million boxes, representing a 28% reduction compared with the season 2017/18. The USDA’s earlier guesstimate for the total Brazilian new crop was 425 million boxes, down by about 75 million boxes or only 15% compared with 2017/18. At this level of output, the amount of orange processed in São Paulo and South of Minas Gerais will fall to an estimated 238 million boxes assuming 50 million boxes for the resh market. It is evident that for the new season, supply will be reduced because of the lower crop leading to fewer oranges being processed for juice and oil. An increase in price is expected for the new crop. Orange oil demand is firm , in part because of the lower inventory. The bumper 2017/18 crop saw a combined production of orange oil and d’limonene of approximately 61,200 MT, of which approximately 30% was d’limonene. Assuming approximately 275 million boxes are processed in 2018/19, the combined orange oil and d’limonene production will fall to 45,000 MT. The trend in orange juice (OJ) consumption will be an important factor affecting orange processing levels and orange oil supply. For a variety of reasons, global OJ consumption has been declining but recently consumption, at least in the USA, appears to have stabilised if not slightly increased. However, some are still forecasting a downward trend in global OJ consumption. Thus considerable uncertainties still remain in the market. Uptake of orange oil in the past few months has been slower than normal, resulting in prices coming under pressure. The combination of a slow limonene market in the USA, and the higher forecast for the 2017/18 Brazilian crop saw oil pric es ease somewhat. However, due to the anticipated lower 2018/19 crop, supply will be limited in the coming months. All eyes will be on new crop pricing in June, bu t an increase in price is expected, as oranges available for processing will be less than the last crop.

 

Blue Chamomile Oil Chamomilla recutita (L.) Harvest: March - May

Chamomile is a booming essential oil crop in Bulgaria, widelyused as a herb. Interest in chamomile oil has increased in the past few years, which has led to the emergence of new producers in other countries. Despite this, Bulgaria has retained its position of quality due to higher chamazulene levels.

Lavender Oil Lavandula angustifolia Harvest: July

Bulgaria reports that domestic producers do not have a good forecast for lavender oil. The weather is a big factor, but as most gardens have been cut in the off-season, there is no likelihood of over production. Stocks in Bulgaria are exceptionally low at the moment. Forecasts predict that supply will be short and unable to meet demand, leading to a price hike, as in 2017. Demand is still strong but limited drums are available. With the prevailing tense situation companies have been calculating their remaining needs and have started to stock up until the new crop arrives. Similar conditions are predicted to prevail for the coming two months. The new crop harvest will become available in August. If it is a good crop with better yields then this may satisfy current demand, and lower prices. However, if the weather conditions are not supportive, then there may be a continued supply deficit leading to excess demand and elevated prices.

Rose Oil Rosa damascena Harvest: May - June

In 2017, rose oil production peaked with a number of companies holding sizeable unsold stocks; thereby putting downward pressure on prices. Some companies have even claimed that they will not produce rose oil in 2018, but time will tell. However, an issue seems to be the non-availability of good quality oil at all times. 2017 weather conditions resulted in rapid and simultaneous blossoming in all production regions, and made it impossible to harvest and process the whole crop.

Another issue is the presence of adulterated products on the market that are sold as “Bulgarian rose oil.” In order to ensure it is pure Bulgarian, always ask your supplier to provide a PGI certificate of conformity before you make a purchase. Only products with a PGI certificate and mark can be labelled as “Bulgarian rose oil.” A PGI certificate and special mark, is symbolic of a guarantee of true authentic quality of 100% pure and natural Bulgarian rose oil.

Yarrow Oil Achillea millifolium Harvest: July - October

In 2017, despite sufficient supply quantities, prices were dearer than average, due to a large spike in demand. Blue Yarrow has a diffusive aroma that is sweet and fresh which is very effective in aromatherapy applications, and lends an intriguing note in natural perfumery when used in trace amounts.

Cassia Oil Cinnamomum cassia Harvest: May - July, October - December

Over the past few months, there has been an unprecedented increase in demand rather than shorter supplies; and markets witnessed escalating prices. The oil crop season starts in June/July and resumes in autumn during October/November. As the price of cinnamon continues to rise, the farmers’ enthusiasm runs high. Currently however, the June to August crop is underway, and there is a change in the market. Supply is stable and markets witnessed more than adequate raw material. Production also rose, thereby pushing down prices marginally. Prices for the so-called “new method” material are stable. The method entails quality supplied when the downstream product is either cinnamic aldehyde or natural benzaldehyde. In view of dwindling production volume in the last season, the stock is limited but labour, plant fuel, and equipment modification costs keep rising due to environmental policies. In the short term, there is limited scope for a lower price; there will be a narrow range of fluctuations.

Citronella Oil Cymbopogon winterianus Harvest: June - December

The crop season for citronella starts in April and continues till October. This year there is confidence that production will increase since the growing area has expanded. Currently, domestic stock is limited amidst an active demand, and prices

are stable on the higher side. Predictions suggest that prices will be maintained at these levels until new production arrives. Current consumption is primarily from available stock, and partial oil will be available by the end of April and May. The new crop is expected in June.

Eucalyptus Oil Eucalyptus globulus Harvest: July - October

May to July yields low output but October to December tends to be a better crop season. In mid-February, owing to the Chinese Spring Festival, the purchase price of crude oil in the production area fell drastically as compared to earlier years. As a result, factories and traders are stepping up on storage and are stocking up. The price of raw material rose more than 15% in just one month and hit a new high. In recent years, due to the high profits and enthusiasm of oil farmers running high, there has been excessive use of pruning shears to provide the raw material for oil distillation. Eucalyptus trees also need sufficient recovery time, so this prompts a decrease in raw material with higher prices. The artificial factor is not ruled out completely, but in c        ase of a demand exceeding supply situation, it is hard to see a sharp callback in the near future. Supply is rather limited since, influenced by the farming season and fire ban, collection is hard. New material will not be available soon; supply will still be intense, and the market is expected to remain strong.

 

Garlic Oil Allium sativum L. Harvest: April - May

The garlic season begins in August and extends till November. The 2017 season is over. Due to the persisting instability of fresh garlic prices, the variations in stock price lead to differential pricing for the oil. The restriction imposed by the environmental policy has affected output, and rates are expected to remain in a tight range until new production arrives. Raw materials are consumed; new garlic will come into the market only by July, and new oil produced by September has a great chance to bounce up, influenced by environmental pressure and production cost factors. The drop in price was affected by demand but now this has stabilised due to the increased cost of raw material. It is expected to remain so in the near future.

Geranium Oil Pelargonium graveolens Harvest: May - September

The new crop begins in April and a small quantity has entered the market but with low geraniol and beta-Guaiadiene content the quality is sub-standard. The price for 100% natural qualified oil is still high, and going by plantings this year, sentiments are rather subdued.

Ginger Oil Zingiber officinale Harvest: January - April

The season starts in November and goes through till December. Demand is stable, with negligible fluctuations in price. However, affected by the strict environmental policy, there is a drop in raw material as compared to previous years, and production is limited. Prices are likely to remain at current high levels albeit with small fluctuations.

 

Lavender Oil Lavandula angustifolia Harvest: July - August

Harvested in June every year, 2017 saw a decline in production in both domestic as well as international markets. The supply wastight and prices have maintained their momentum in an upwardclimb. This year, the growing area increased but the price isexpected to be at elevated levels until new production enters themarket.

Star Anise Oil Illicium verum Harvest: March - May, November - December

The crop season extends from November to January. Last season the prices soared by more than 20% and so the farmers are moreaggressive this season. However, in January most of the anise trees (which are not hardy) suffered from severe snow and icy weather conditions in the main producing region of Guangxi. InFebruary hailstones destroyed most of the anise and buds; thusleaves and fruit are rare this year. There is a 50% fall in productionin Guangxi province and a 55-60% decrease in Guangdongprovince. Considering the new crop season is in October, no newmaterial will hit the shelves for a long time now, and any materialin the market is from carryovers. The restricted supplies of staranise oil and anethole have led to a price rise.

Tea Tree Oil Melaleuca alternifolia Harvest: May - August

The crop season begins in August and continues till October. Continuous rains in the main production areas of Guangdong, Guangxi and Fujian Provinces affected last year’s production, which had fallen. The market is tight, and prices are expected to continue on their ascent in the short term.

Valerian Root Oil Valeriana wallichii Harvest: September - October

The new season begins by the end of July and carryovers are limited now. Since it is primarily used in traditional Chinese medicine, this oil does not command volumes. Considering that output is restricted and cost for raw materials and production is on the rise, customers who have specific demand may consider purchasing.

Wintergreen Oil Gaultheria procumbens Harvest: July - September

Market stocks are on the low side; prices are rising slightly, and demand has lowered. This is a wild, high mountain pure plant that is difficult to collect. With the continuous increase of labourcosts, compounded by the low oil yield of wintergreen, farmers are reluctant to harvest because of the low margins. Production is predicted to remain low this season, and the oil price is expected to climb if demand increases later. Supplies have stabilised after a short period of uncertainty, perhaps the only product from the Yunnan Province where this is the case.

Basil Oil Linalool Ocimum basilicum L Harvest: June - September

The basil oil linalool harvest started in early August and finished in October.During 2016 market supplies were short. As a result, prices pushed up with very active demand in early 2017. The prices skyrocketed due to farmers’ unrealistic price expectations for the oil. Today demand continues to remain high for this oil. There appears to be good availability of stock in the market but with a high price.

Chamomile Blue Oil Matricaria chamomilla Harvest: March - May

The demand and supply remain strong due to sufficient availability of stock.Both the demand and supply peaked significantly in the past few months.Seeds are planted after summer and distillation takes place around March. Growing conditions are favourable, and the projected harvest is comparable to last year’s crop. Currently prices are stable but with emerging demand a higher price is expected in the near future.

Coriander Herb Oil Coriandrum sativum L. Harvest: January - February, June - July

The market in 2017 remained firm, as there was sufficient carryover of stock from the previous year. This ensured sufficient supply in the market. Prices for Egyptian quality remain higher than that of other origins, but some prefer this type and are happy to pay the premium for the oil.

Cumin Seed Oil Cuminum cyminum L. Harvest: May - June

The harvest for cumin seed will commence in May. After the 2017 harvest, demand and supply appear well balanced and prices stable. Currently the demand and supply situation is steady and comparable with last year’s, though demand is gradually rising and so are prices. However, it is anticipated that prices may push up in the coming months.

Geranium Oil Pelargonium graveolens Harvest: June - July

The demand for this oil has increased slightly due to the availability of the product. As of now prices remain stable since quantities are available. We expect the price will increase as the demand increases.

Jasmine Absolute Jasminum grandiflorum L. Harvest: June - November

The good news is that supply and demand are increasing with availability of sufficient stock; in fact demand is marginally higherthan last year. Currently, the market is stable with few stocks available at origin and the next big quantities will be available with the new crop in June 2018. This year prices showed a suddenrise and in the coming months stability in prices is anticipated. There was a bumper crop in 2016 leading to a crop surplus that continued to exist before the start of the 2017 season. Growing conditions are favourable and it is expected to be a good crop.

Marjoram Oil Origanum majorana Harvest: August - September

The marjoram oil market price continues to be stable as the supply evens out the demand. However, compared to last year, demand is inching up and prices are set to increase in the coming couple of months.

 

Neroli Oil Citrus aurantium var. amara Harvest: March - April

An inadequate supply of oils keeps current market pressures in place and demand on the rise. Prices will be determined at season end. 2018 witnessed a more than 30% decline in total productionin comparison with last year due to climate conditions. Prior to this year’s harvest quantities were booked in advance, ultimately leading to a constrained supply. Demand has overtaken supply and it is predicted that all quantities will be sold and the Egyptian market completely devoid of stock. The dwindling crop as a result of climatic conditions has thrown market forecasts into disarray.

Parsley Leaf Oil Petroselinum crispum Harvest: April - May

Our analysis shows that the recent stagnation of oil production in Egypt has reached its limit. Despite this, general market sentiment remains positive with a small volume available at origin.

Petitgrain Mandarin Oil Citrus reticulata Harvest: October - January

2018 saw an overall decrease in petitgrain mandarin oil production even as the demand for this oil continued to increase. Due to limited production and high quality, prices have risen dramatically. If demand continues to increase, higher prices can be expected.

Violet Absolute Oil Viola odorata Harvest: December - May

The demand and supply of this essential oil has increased significantly due to availability, but there are a few points tonote. Due to a slump in prices over a span of time many farmers have given up farming this crop. As a result, it is anticipated the production figures for 2018 may decline by 40% in comparisonto last year. Currently, prices are stable but may rise in the near future.

Clary Sage Oil Salvia sclarea Harvest: June - July

The climate in southern France is perfect for clary sage to thrive, especially since it is averse to late frosts. This year French yields and production are likely to be high, as producers have been investing heavily to expand the growing areas. Near Provence approximately 2,000 hectares of clary sage plantation was sown last year. However, at present, the price of clary sage oil has taken a sharp tumble. The customary buyers for sclareole extraction have abstained, and this has made a significant dent for oilproducers. Those into oil production are expected to stand out through the quality of their oil. These producers are resorting to optimal techniques of harvest – technique de préfanage – before distillation to ascertain the grade.

Coriander Seed Oil Corriandrum sativum L. Harvest: July - August

Continued investments in new plantations have resulted in the expansion of growing areas, increasing to 200 hectares in 2017.

In 2018 this figure is estimated to reach 300 hectares. However, the additional areas have yet to make a significant contribution to the quantity of oilproduced.

Cypress Oil Cupressus sempervirens L. Harvest: All Year

Demand is soaring especially in the aromatherapy sector, leading to persistent pressure on oil production. Price is predicted to take an upward trend in coming months.

Helichrysum Oil Helichrysum italicum Harvest: July - August

Last year’s harvest of Helichrysum was good resulting in total production of almost 500 kg of essential oil. Output continues to grow, but there is a growing demand from the aromatherapy sector. Given the high costs of production, in part due to low yields, producers will be reluctant to see prices slide.

 

Hyssop Officinale Oil Hyssopus officinalis Harvest: March - June

Hyssop Officinale, popularly known as the common hyssop, is a garden herb from the mint family. It is a Mediterranean and medicinal plant known since the ancient Greek era, cultivated on Valensole Plateau as well as in Drôme Provençale.

In-depth research is undertaken by French organisations in order to produce a standard essential oil quality just like Melisse, and also to increase the oil’s utilisation. Adopted cultivation methods are rather similar to those of lavender and lavandin. The harvest, too, takes place around July and August.

Lavandin Abrialis Lavandula hybrida var. abrialis Harvest: July - August

The market is in slowdown and output is declining on a yearly basis. With only 700 hectares of plantation remaining, new arrivals are not expected in the near future. The material is in limited supply corresponding to a weak demand. Most end users have turned to reformulations to ensure that their product is not at the mercy of an oil that is facing extinction.

Lavandin Grosso Lavandula hybrida var. grosso Harvest: July - August

The principal cultivating areas of lavandin grosso oil are the Valensole Plateau, Albion Plateau, Drôme Provençale, Vaucluse, and Ardèche, in the southeast quarter of France.

Among the several planting areas, lavandin grosso remains the most popular variety followed by Sumian lavandin. However, Sumian lavandin is fast replacing lavandin grosso, as the latter is severely afflicted by insect pests, especially in the eastern part of the Valensole Plateau. The nurserymen (producers of lavandin plants) are much sought after and see their orders booked almost two years in advance, as there is more than adequate demand from both domestic and foreign markets. They should be able to meet this demand, especially with the inception of new nurseries.

Successive droughts in 2016 and 2017 damaged the plants and adversely impacted production. Yields per hectare were severely reduced leading to much lower production than normal. Due to the severity of the 2017 drought it is expected that both yields and production volumes will be compromised for at least another year or so. Anticipation of the increased areas of production should help maintain the volumes of the past three years (1,500 MT) and address the demand that is estimated around 1,800 MT.

The South East quarter has experienced a changing climate, leaning more towards being dry. As a result, lavandin culturists have started reviewing the working method of several cultures, in order to remain competitive. They are changing towards a near biological mode of culture and focusing on the longevity of the plants rather than the yield of essential oil. Lavandin grosso suffered enormouslyfrom the drought of 2017; and worryingly vegetative awakening has been noted, even if nothing is 100% certain at the moment. We must expect a year or more of volumes being compromised.

Lavandin Sumian Lavandula hybrida var. sumian Harvest: July - August

Currently, there has been a tense situation at source since there are no stocks available. An expansion of production is predicted for lavandin Sumian as it is more resistant than lavandin grosso.

Lavandin Super Lavandula hybrida var. super Harvest: July - August

In 2017, many of the lavandin growing regions of France experienced an exceptional drought, leading to a decline in production to 25 MT. After assessing the extent of drought damage, users looked to other origins, such as Spain.

Lavender Oil Lavandula angustifolia Harvest: September

True lavender comes from the seed of the plant. The most popular and best-known varieties are Rapido and Carla. Among the clonal  lavenders, which stem from cuttings, Maillette, Matherone, and Diva are among the more renowned varieties. Last year, the lavenderharvest suffered a severe loss due to sub-zero temperatures in some areas during the growing season leading to a substantial fall inyields. Currently there is no available stock. Demand for true lavender and clonal lavender continues to be significant despite strongcompetition from Bulgarian lavender with its high productivity and attractive price points. The plant displayed some toughness in the face of the last drought; in fact, better than lavandin in the opinion of some.

France’s main lavender production areas include Plateau d’Albion, Drôme Provençale, Alpes and modest quantities on the Plateau de Valensole. Like lavandin, these areas hold much importance for lavender. Through continued investments and expansion of surfacearea, French farmers hope to become the leading lavender producing country in the next few years. The aromatherapy industry in the USA is an important market for French production.

Tarragon Oil Artemisia dracunculus Harvest: May - August

France’s annual output of tarragon oil is approximately 1,500 kg. One of the single distillers, also a part of the supplier network, produces an annual output of around 1,000 kg. Tarragon is a plant that requires appropriate irrigation for its harvest. Unfortunately, Southeast France lacks the means for suitable irrigation, since it is not commonly practised in this region. However, if there is a reasonable demand for this oil, new techniques can be adopted to ensure implementation of irrigation. The climate in the south of France is congenial for the harvest and distillation of quality tarragon essential oil.

Amyris Oil Amyris balsamifera Harvest: All Year

Demand for this product is currently at a record high. There are back orders of almost 2 to 4 months for this oil. The availability of raw material has helped maintain the total production at a higher level. The major area of concern is high fuel prices. This has affected production as well as shipping costs, whichhave almost doubled over the last few months. Current market pressures remain in place and prices have been fluctuating, as buyers tend to get anxiousabout securing stock.

Basil Oil Holy Ocimum sanctum Harvest: November - February

Basil or Sacred Tulsi, popularly calledthe “queen of herbs”, comes from the Lamiaceae family. The harvesting season is over and material is difficult to find.

Black Pepper Oil Piper nigrum L. Harvest: December - February

The new season for the crop began in January with equilibrium in supply andpricing. Prices are expected to remain stable at current levels.

Cornmint Oil Mentha arvensis Harvest: May - July

Approximately 80% of India’s M. arvensis crop is grown in the state of Uttar Pradesh, 10% in the state of Bihar and the remaining 10% in Punjab and Madhya Pradesh. The harvesting of M. arvensis will commence in June 2018. This year’s cropis good, but oil quantity is subject to the amount of rain at the time of harvest.

2018 could see a strain on supplies. Zero carryover stock from last year has pushed up prices. The slowdown in natural mint and the advent of synthetic alternatives has resulted in a significant decrease ingrowing areas.

Davana Oil Artemisia Pallens Harvest: February - April

The markets witnessed a good yield in 2017 with a reported figure of 7 MToil available after harvest. The crop season for 2018 has just begun in March and the harvest is near completion. Though stakeholders have adopted a wait-and-watch approach, it is strongly recommended that customers review their annual needs so that the oil can be sourced well in advance. Prices are at a low; it is a good time to buy.

Jasmine Grandiflorum Jasminum grandiflorum Harvest: July - September

Scant rainfall affected the crop last year, and therefore production fell by around 10-15%. Consequently prices increased by similar margins. 2018 may not bring any respite; rather there may be additional upward pressure on prices due to the little carryover thought to be available.

Jasmine Sambac Jasminum sambac Harvest: March - October

2017 saw an increase in production by 10%. High domestic demand for flowers fuelled a parallel rise in prices. 2018 opened on subdued sentiments in anticipation of higher prices and low stock at origin; but as the crop harvest begins in April, markets are expected to ease out.

Lemongrass Oil Cymbopogon citratus Harvest: July - November

2017 saw a balanced market with no shortage in supply. 2018 started on a note of expected price rises as supplies continued to remain weak. In a repeat of the last decade, the situation for lemongrass remains stagnant, except for the occasional spikes in volumes that cannot be covered without planning six to nine months in advance. This is mainly due to scarcity of litsea cubeba oil, which is used to make natural citral. Stakeholders are hesitant to give clarity on the dynamics of the market in the coming months but arrangements are being made to boost stock volume to cater to a growing customer base.

Palmarosa Oil Cymbopogon martini Harvest: January - June

Excessive rains yielded a poor crop in 2017. Naturally 2018 brought in a testing time since supply was short and there was no carryover stock. This is another oil that is tough to obtain since existing supplies are completely sold out. There has been no rain in south India so no new oil is available or is anticipated in the foreseeable future.

Peppermint Oil Mentha piperita Harvest: April - July

In an unprecedented high, the Indian price for Mentha piperita oil surpassed the North American oil rates. The reasons behind this are the emergent demand for Indian oil. The inventory of Mentha piperita oil before the start of crop harvest is very poor. Certain quantities are being held up by the farmers themselves in anticipation of a price rise.

However, these reasons are neither good nor sustainable to determine price. The Indian harvest is in June/July, andmonitoring the weather is a critical factor for yields and overall volumes.

Spearmint Oil Mentha spicata Harvest: July - August

The production of Indian spearmint oil this year is expected to be approximately 80-90 MT. Distillation will commence from thesecond week of May 2018.

Cajeput Oil Melaleuca cajuputi Harvest: All Year

The cajeput oil market is predicted to slow down and industry challenges continue due to adverse weather conditions. However, quality of raw material remains stable in the current market. Demand isexpected to rise owing to the problem of reduced supply of eucalyptus oil. The local pharmaceutical industry players like Eagle Pharma have booked large quantities down at the source, therefore affecting thegeneral availability for all others.

Cananga Oil Cananga odorata Harvest: June - August

In 2017 there was excessive rainfall that badly affected the harvest. As a result,supplies were reduced and this trend continues. The market is immune to this new price level, and in general has accepted it, ensuring basic price stability. It is recommended that those with a secure consumption of oil book their requirements soon. The quality of raw material continues to be of concern as it lacks consistency. Some caution needs to be applied when evaluating any seemingly inexpensive offers.

Citronella Oil Cymbopogon winterianus Harvest: October - February

There is a sudden high demand for citronella oil and supplies continue to remain limited due to reduced global supply from China and other surrounding regions. With an upsurge in demand from outer regions the percentage of exports from Indonesia is on the rise, thus keeping the domestic demand at peak. Local priceshave increased almost 10% over the last month. Rates are estimated to rise further; and it is recommended that buyers cover their bases.

Clove Oil Eugenia caryophyllata Harvest: May - September

Indonesian producers are unable to forecast for clove oil. Production has declined due to adverse weather patterns. This has resulted in a dearth of fresh clove and prices have broken all barriers. For clove, yields are lower and it is difficultto harvest. Clove oil prices will continue to rise and there is a wide variation of qualities available in the market. The harvest is projected to be lower as compared to last year’s crop. Demand is increasing, but market conditions are unclear. The crop is expected to be problematic. That said, clove is a fast growing crop and a change in weather can always reverse these extremes in a matter of a few months. Now is a good time to replenish stocks, or else it is a long wait till mid-year and hope for a change in the situation.

Ginger Oil Fresh Zingiber officinale Harvest: January - May

2018 opened with an upsurge in demand during the first quarter, but nothing that should have made such a big impact. Ginger prices have seen a slow but steady upward path for the past few weeks, and these levels are expected to hold for the foreseeable future.

Mace Oil Myristica fragrans Harvest: March - April, October - November

There is certainly a knock on effect from the current situation impacting the supply and pricing of nutmeg oil. But it is less damaging for mace as the market is smaller and can withstand some shortterm disruptions in supply. Van Aroma continues to maintain stable prices with available stocks. Most suppliers prefer to distill the nutmeg and mace together instead of separating them because there are not many buyers who look for just mace oil.

Massoia Bark Oil Cryptocaria massoia Harvest: September - May

Market conditions for massoia bark oil are strong, with consistent demand and competitive prices. New producers are expected to make their debut in the market, backed by newer and more efficient technologies that will result in abetter product. Overall, 2018 is going to be an interesting year for massoia bark oil.

Nutmeg Oil Myristica fragrans Houtt. Harvest: All Year

The nutmeg oil market is precariously balanced and predicted to remain so with reasonable supplies at the moment. However, the prevailing wet weather conditions have farmers stressed, and many have decided to restrict planting until prices return to consistently higher levels. The emergence of bulk buyers and back orders in the supply chain resulted in depleted stocks in the local market but is keeping prices firm. Not too many changesare foretold in the next few months, though prices could tighten further.

Patchouli Oil Pogostemon cablin Harvest: All Year

Sulawesi: Sporadic rains recurring in unpredictable instances have affected the drying and farm level distillation of Sulawasi patchouli, keeping the prices firm. Some patchouli oil producing areas in Central and South East Sulawesi experienced damaging floods last month. They are now in a recovery state, and are on track to produce more oils in the coming months. Prices remain firm owing to a healthier demand. No downward trend is foreseen for the next 8 to 9 months at least. Wise counsel would prevail if buyers with requirementsuphold the current prices as these are considered sustainable and viable rates for all players in the supply chain.

Market Prices USD 38.00 – 42.00 /kilo

Sumatra:The market is unwavering in terms of no new demand for patchouli from Sumatra. Consequently, supply sources and prices also remain constant. There are some farmers who are converting their lands to maize and citronella due to the irregular business theyhave seen with patchouli in the region.

Market Prices USD 44.00 – 50.00 /kilo

Vetiver Oil Vetiveria zizanioides Harvest: January - July

Currently, demand for vetiver continues to be high and the supply is stretched thin. This has put pressure on oil production. In order to lessen distillation time, producers started heating the oil during the distillation process. The ultimate outcome led to burning of the oil. This affected the colour and the odour, which remainedunacceptable for many end-users. Thesystem of tutoring continues to takeplace alongside longer-term investments;however the situation is likely to remaincritical for some time.

Bergamot Oil Citrus bergamia Harvest: November - March

Prices for this crop are currently at a record-breaking high and continue on its meteoric rise. Fruits which were generally used only for processing purposes are now sold to the fresh fruit market. As a result, raw material is scarce for oil processing. Oil prices have broken all previous barriers.

Lemon Oil Citrus limon (L.) Burm. F. Harvest: November - January, April - July

After Spain, Italy is the second largest EU producer of lemon. Sicily is the main lemon producing area, accounting for 86% of domestic production. The leading lemon varieties grown in the country are Femminello Siracusano, Lunario, Interdonato, Limone di Sorrento, and Limone di Procidaare. Italy’s lemon production is mostly destined for the fresh market. The 2017/18 production is forecast to remain flat. The market is in the grip of a tensesituation as the soaring fruit prices have put many processors into financial difficulties. There was a decline in production due to lastsummer’s drought. This has not helped ease prices, which hover at a steady high, despite extra efforts to compensate the lowvolume processed in the previous period.

Mandarin Oil Red Citrus reticulata Harvest: October - January

Sicilian producers reported a smaller crop in 2018 and also confirmed availability of green mandarin oil from different origins.But this was overshadowed by the restricted supply of top quality red mandarin oil. The new crop is harvested with the production of yellow and green mandarin oil. Prices continue to remain stable as there is an ongoing production of red mandarin oil.

Orange Oil Blood Citrus sinensis Harvest: December - February

Italy is the second largest European orange producer. Sicily and Calabria are its main orange-producing areas, and account for 59% and 22% of total production respectively. The top orange varieties produced in the country are Tarocco, Moro, Sanguinello, and Navelineare. The major growing region was affected firstby drought and then heavy rains. Even now there are reports of lack of rainfall, leading to slower than expected production. The current season is one of the better ones in recent years. There is availability of sufficient crop at reasonable prices. Though theorange fruit is small, the quality of the juice and the oil is reported to be up to the mark.

Clove Leaf Oil Eugenia caryophyllata Harvest: August - October

Production is running normally now, but demand is very high. Prices increase from one sale to the next. Prices are likely to increase further until June/July when producers stop distilling toswitch to coffee and vanilla.

Grapefruit Oil Citrus paradisi Harvest: December - April

Mexico boasts of a substantial grapefruit crop. In the wake of the problem affected Florida crop, Mexico has now gained market hare. The Mexican season kicks off in August and continues until November. According to industry estimates, Mexico is stined for processing around 20% of the total grapefruit production. For the current 2017/2018 crop, the processing figures are Egged at around 87,000 MT, which is marginally lower than last season’s figures.

 Market prices USD 105.00 / kilo (White)
Market prices USD 95.00 / kilo (Pink/Red)

Lime Oil Citrus aurantifolia Harvest: May - August

Mexico’s vital production area for Key Limes is along its Pacific Coast in the statesof Colima and Michoacan. Although Key Lime production takes place throughout the year, a major portion of the limes is produced during the winter months from December to February. In Michoacan and Colima, the season usually starts around May and ends in September.

Key Lime production of 2017/2018, from both Colima and Michoacan, is expected to be better than the last crop. About 30% of the total production from these two regions goes towards processing. The supply for lime oil is adequate; however lime oil type A supplies are rather limited. With average demand and an excellent supply of stock, lime oil prices are at an equilibrium.

Orange Oil Citrus sinensis Harvest: August - September

56% of Mexico’s citrus production is Oranges. Since there is no official sourcein the country to proclaim this figure, itis an estimate. 80% of all Mexican citrus production is grown in the eastern region. Other than the Mexican key limes, as they the west coast mostly.

Year on year, the Orange crop varies from processing to fresh. It is influenced, to a Large degree, by the cropize, the occasion for processors to access the fruit, and the futures trading prices. Over the past five years, trends show that, on average, 55% to 60% of the orange crop was processed. The majority of Mexican growers are small. As a result, the land and the groves are not tended to in a professional manner, which actually has the benefit of making the plants truly organic in nature.

Artemisia Taurica Artemisia taurica Harvest: July - September

In 2017, the unusually hot weather locally stressed the trees and affected their size, and consequently final production. As a result of the heat plants were destroyed, with very little oil produced, just one third of an average year. In 2018 the new season is expected to commence in September. When it comes to its thujone content, the material represents one of the best value oils on the market. It is much higher than other origins and usually available at more reasonable prices.

Clary Sage Oil Salvia sclarea L. Harvest: July - August

July 2017 marked the end of the clary sage oil harvest. It showed positive results with more oil produced, when compared with previous years. Currently the market is active, as global demand has gone up considerably; and plans are in the offing to increase the plantation acreage. With buyers preferring Russian quality to its French and Chinese counterparts, the 2017 season ended with no material left at origin. Assuming another good crop in the summer of 2018, there should be ample availability with good demand and stable prices.

Coriander Seed Oil Corriandrum sativum L. Harvest: July - August

2017 saw an excess supply of stock throughout the year. As a result, farmers and collectors offloaded stocks at ridiculously rock-bottom prices. The sufficient carryover and low prices over the last two years prompted farmers to reduce distilling quantities of this oil. It is anticipated that prices may go up this year, as farmers have no interest in production at prevailing crop prices.

Dill Weed Oil Anethum graveolens L. Harvest: July - September

The 2018 new crop season is expected to start in July/August subject to weather conditions. There are some quantities available to satisfy urgent demand. However, subject to production in summer 2018, it is anticipated prices may remain stable with good crop availability in the near future. The 2017 crop was not as good as the 2016 crop due to changing weather conditions. But, in general, satisfactory production kept prices stable. However, prices will fluctuate with this demand vs. supply issue in the coming months, as the new crop comes in.

Lavender Oil Lavandula angustifolia Harvest: July - August

The market witnessed a healthy demand, but some stock is still available. The new crop is expected to hit the market in August and prices should go down somewhat – in the event that the crop is a good one. If the weather is unfavourable, then prices will tend to soar, since stocks in Russia are exceptionally low at the moment.

Basil Oil Linalool Ocimum basilicum L Harvest: August - September

There was no carryover of stock into this season, which will start next August. The floods throughout the Terai Plain adversely impacted yields and with growing demand, and a forecast of supply getting tighter, prices may rise later in the year.

Blue Chamomile Oil Matricaria chamomilla (L.) Harvest: December - February

The crop is harvested between February and March. Despite the less than ideal weather conditions, the 2017 crop was slightly above average at around 100 kg. Currently, local supplies are limited but market conditions remain strong with consistent demand.

Manuka Oil Leptospermum scoparium Harvest: April - October

With the emergence of new applications and aromatherapy brands in the market, demand for manuka oil shows a significant increase. There is pressure on the supply chain as surplus stock, which has been accumulated to support growth, has been scrapped in recent months. Demand is expected to go up as soon as the success of other brands and new products is realised and copied by others. Despite a few minor supply delays, activities in New Zealand should help support this growth long term.

Guaiacwood Oil Bulnesia Sarmientoi Harvest: All Year

The first few months of 2018 have shown good availability. However the newly implemented CITES regulations have  given rise to additional regulations being imposed on the exports of this oil. If this reduces the availability of exports then there will certainly be a surge in prices for Guaiacwood oil at some point in the first semester of 2018.

Petitgrain Oil Citrus aurantium ssp. Harvest: All Year

Last year witnessed supply problems during the off-season. This year, there is no foreseeable decline estimated in the imminent months although the weather continues to hamper supply. Production is expected to fall in the coming months, which is normal, since the main crop will resume in October.  This difficult-to-find essential oil is best obtained by meticulous planning, at least six months ahead of actual requirement. The reason being that although availability is better at the moment, it is not easily procured, and transit times are often measured in months, not weeks.

Vetiver Oil Vetiveria zizanioides Harvest: February - May

Unfortunately, heavy rains negatively impacted the harvesting of this material and led to a reduction in total production. The short supply and high demand for vetiver oil has escalated prices. High fuel and freight charges have impacted the selling price. Shipping costs have almost doubled over the last two months. Currently, demand is increasing due to its higher beneficial valuecreating back orders of 2 to 4 months.

Lime Oil Citrus aurantifolia Harvest: January - April

Peru faced several obstacles in the form of drought and flooding during an El Niño disturbance. This also affected the Piura region, Peru’s largest lime-producing region, contributing 57% of the country’s production. The new season started in January 2018. Adverse weather has once again shaken up crop production, leading to sliding production figures.

Fir Needle Oil Abies sibirica Ledeb. Harvest: April - September

The harvest season for the new crop is expected in April/May 2018. Last year witnessed the slow movement of supplies with the lingering of the Siberian winter. However, with the weather changing for the better, the production figures increased in summer and ensured the availability of reasonable material. Currently there is decent availability of stock; however demand is lower than for the past two years, but our major producers expect high prices from this year’s crop.

Juniper Berry Juniperus communis Harvest: September - October

2017 witnessed an overall increase in juniper berry oil production, although demand is anticipated to slow down in the near future. Currently, backed by a healthy demand, price and availability remain steady.

Sage Oil Sage offcinalis Harvest: May - October

The market conditions are strong with good demand and price stability. The harvest for the new crop will begin in June/July. However, considering the big fires in Albania last year, there is a wait-and-watch situation to assess how this will affect availability for the international market. The fields in Moldova look good, so immediate problems are not foreseen for existing customers.

Eucalyptus Oil Citriodora Eucalyptus citriodora Harvest: June - October

In 2017, the crop season began in June and extended up to October. Better managed farms, complemented by sustainable planting produced a healthy yield. Going by present conditions, production is shaping up well. However, at the start of 2018, all of it was already committed to buyers who have pre-booked their requirements. More clarity can be given on the new crop in June. South Africa has become more active in this essential oil, and is well positioned to compete in the global arena against China.

Grapefruit Oil Citrus paradisi Harvest: December - April

The side effect of the 2016 drought still prevails as the trees recover slowly. The European Union and Russia remain the major markets. With improved rainfall in 2017, better results were there in fresh fruit, though oil yields went down by 35%.

Orange Oil CP Citrus sinensis Harvest: June - September

Last year there was a lingering effect of the drought of the previous year. It took considerable time for the trees to gradually recover and bear fruit. The European Union and Russia remain the major markets for South African oranges. The production of oranges for the 2017/2018 crop is expected to increase by 2% to 1.43 million MT as compared to the last crop. An estimated 13% of the crop will go to the processing industry.

Tagette Oil Tagetes erecta Harvest: June - August

2017 saw a robust season for tagetes oil. The new production season has just begun, and production is in full swing. Judging by the weather situation with sufficient rain and cold weather, 2018 is expected to bring in some robust figures. The market is balanced on an even keel now, with price and supply at equilibrium. More updates are expected at a later date.

Tea Tree Oil Melaleuca alternifolia Harvest: October - January

The season for tea tree oil in South Africa runs from April to October; fresh estimates start filtering in by the end of February. Production has started but quantities are limited at this stage. In the case of organic tea tree oil, the demand is healthy, and it is expected to remain so for 2018. The crop in 2017 was sold immediately after production.

Lavandin Grosso Lavandula hybrida Harvest: July - August

An acute shortage continues to prevail since French producers have nil stocks, leading to insufficient supply in the global market. In addition, there are two major hurdles, namely obtaining quality approval is difficult since almost all samples analysed this season have been adulterated; secondly, it is difficult to obtain firm offers for any volumes.

Lavandin Super Lavandula hybrida Harvest: August - September

The market is stable, with some stocks available at origin. Due to the poor lavender season, demand is expected to be marginally higher than that of last year’s crop. Prices are expected to remain steady in the coming months.

Lemon Oil Citrus limon (L.) Burm. F. Harvest: November - July

For quality lemon oil, the link between fresh sales and processing holds the key. In the fresh fruit market, Spanish lemons are very popular for their distinctive juiciness and quality. Spain holds the number one lemon producing position in the European Union. In addition, it is the second largest processor globally, after Argentina. As such the nation continues to have a great influence on market dynamics. As Spanish farmers focus efforts to produce high quality lemons, the oil industry enjoys the advantage of processing superior quality fruit; and absorbs around 25% of the total crop production. Spain does not produce for processing, and the primary focus is the fresh fruit market. Considering that good quality fruit naturally translates into superior grade cold pressed oil, this gap has been smartly converted into a strong asset.

Spain is the only country engaged in the production of two lemon varieties, Fino lemon in winter and the Verna lemon variety in summer. Consequently, Spain enjoys an edge over other orgins – it offers quality lemon oil from fruit produced hroughout the year. However, there is trepidation that the crop may dwindle by 2.8% due to a decline in the production of these two lemon varieties as compared to previous years. On the other hand, there has been the emergence of new plantations of Fino lemon and hopes are riding on a production increase estimated at 12%. The Verna lemon forecast, meanwhile, is down by 40% as flowering in May and June got badly affected due to high temperatures. With regard to quality and quantity, the Spanish sector should continue to establish its leadership position in the European fresh market. While its produce maintains second place in the worldwide processing activity.

Orange Oil Valencia Citrus sinensis Harvest: All Year

Valenica, Andalusia, and Murcia continue to remain major orange producing regions in Spain. The leading orange varieties grown in Spain are Naveline, Navel, Navelate, Salustiane, Valenica, and Sanguinello. The past few years have witnessed a gradual contraction of the Spanish orange industry. Despite the fact that Valenica oranges are better suited to oil processing, the returns have been meagre. This has prompted many Valencian growers to give up orange groves in favour of other profitable crops. Spanish oranges are rich in aldehyde, odour, and colour; there has been excessive rainfall and production came under undue pressure. As soon as Brazilian producers start to decrease prices it can pose a problem for Spanish producers. The availability of fresh fruit declined considerably. Oils in the market are mostly carryover and prices aretemporarily stable.

Rosemary Oil Rosmarinus officinalis Harvest: February - June

The oil samples currently in the market are obtained from wild harvesting; and the first batches of distillation are underway. At present the market seems calm though availability is low, but the news from local farmers seems to be positive.

Thyme Oil Red Thymus vulgaris Harvest: June - August

With the crop season coming up shortly in June, there is a chance for market demand to rise to some extent. Farmers are confident of a good production year due to the quantity of water retained in the soil during the winter. Prices are estimated to remain stable.

Cinnamon Bark Oil Cinnamomum zeylanicum Harvest: May - December

The market remains unremitting with strong demand and limited raw materials, eventually resulting in price pressures. The cinnamon bark oil season starts in mid-June. Today, demand continues to be high and supply is tight. The maximum amount of material in stock has been released, but the increasing demand is still pushing prices upward. Current conditions indicate that there will be no change in the situation in the foreseeable future.

Cinnamon Leaf Oil Cinnamomum zeylanicum Harvest: March - August

In Sri Lanka, the season of harvest for cinnamon is between May and November. Cinnamon leaf oil comes from Cinnamon verum (also called Laurus cinnamomum) from the Laurel (Lauraceae) plant family. It is native to Sri Lanka, but also grows in many countries such as India, China and Indonesia. As the area suffered from a major drought, inventories of oil are very low and even collection has declined. Prices of cinnamon leaf oil are fluctuating in part due to the devaluation of the Sri Lankan rupee. The next big quantities of the new crop will be available in July/August and it might be a good moment to fill annual requirements.

Rosemary Oil Rosmarinus officinalis Harvest: All Year

The new season started last March and ends in early August. New challenges cropped up due to restricted availability of stock over the last few years. Currently, sources reassure us that supplies are improving and moving towards a healthier situation. New arrivals are expected to bring about a price drop in the near future.

Grapefruit Oil Citrus paradisi Harvest: December - April

Over the last few years America’s citrus industry has been beleaguered by the dreaded greening (HLB) disease that has become the bane of citrus farmers. Among all the citrus varieties, grapefruit tends to be most adversely impacted by greening. the demise of grapefruit has been well documented, with Florida’s grapefruit production plunging drastically by 48% this year. The latest Florida predictions point towards a double-digit percentage drop month-on-month. The USDA’s May 2018 forecast for all Florida grapefruit production in 2017-18 is lowered yet again to 3.95 million boxes.

The white grapefruit forecast is 0.70 million boxes and the red grapefruit forecast is 3.25 million boxes. In the wake of these circumstances, the supply situation is grim with limited stock. Prices remain firm at their zenith, and are not expected to ease out in the near future. Rather, the market anticipates further escalation in prices; the outcome of this can only be a steady decline in demand.

 Market prices  USD 125.00 – 130.00 /kilo (White)
 Market prices  USD 115.00 – 120.00 /kilo (Pink/Red)

Lemon Oil Citrus limon (L.) Burm. F. Harvest: May - July

The USDA May 2018 forecast for 2017-18 lemon production is 21.8 million boxes. This is a marginal decline from the production of previous years. California accounted for 20.5 million boxes and Arizona contributed 1.3 millionboxes to the total production.

 

Orange Oil Citrus sinensis Harvest: February - May

Florida is the largest orange producing state in the United States, and ranks third in the world behind Brazil and China. In the USDA May 2018 report, Florida’s orange production forecast was reduced down further to 44.95 million boxes in 017/18. What is worrying is the fact that this is Florida’s nadir, the lowest orange crop production in more than 75 years. This forecast represents approximately 35% less fruit compared to last season’s final production (69.0 million boxes). The total volume is comprised of 18.95 million boxes of early, midseason and navel varieties and 26.0 million boxes of Valencia oranges. Approximately 95% of oranges grown in Florida are processed for juice. Since the discovery of the fatal citrus greening as far back as 2005, the Florida orange crop has plummeted by over 70% from 242 million boxes in the season of 2003-04.

In contrast, California estimates peg annual orange production at a respectable figure of 44.5 million boxes for 2017/18, almost at par with Florida. A significant factor that contributed to this stable production is that California has so far evaded citrus greening disease. Annual Texan orange production has been moderately constant at around 2 million boxes.

Florida’s numbers pale in comparison to the new bumper crop forecast from Brazil. The South American nation is now processing a lot more oranges than Florida. Offering 398 million boxes against Florida’s 45 million boxes of oranges, Brazil has rewritten history and set a new paradigm. The substantially reduced orange crop will reduce the amount of US orange oil produced. However, the market for this product is now dominated by the positive developments in Brazil’s orange output and processing industry.

To conclude, the Florida industry is far from optimistic but nevertheless continues to explore ways of increasing production. The biological phenomenon, alternating bloom, whereby a heavy yield in one year is following by lower yields the next, could be the answer to an increased growth in Florida production in 2019; which in turn could lead to downward pressure on orange oil prices.

 

Basil Oil Ocimum basilicum L. Harvest: November - February

In 2017, the ‘Severe Tropical Storm Talas’ was an unusually large tropical cyclone that caused damage to the cultivating regions. Due to low availability of stocks in the market, prices have already firmed 30-40% in recent months. 2018 may experience a further increase in prices. Usually production levels reach 25-30 MT, but once final figures are calculated, there is a probability of a 50% reduction.

Cassia Oil Cinnamomum cassia Harvest: July - December

Vietnam produces around 700 MT of cassia oil in the Yen Bai, Lao Vai region bordering China. Quang Nam, part of Central Vietnam is also known for some trees. The main harvest period runs from April to June and yields a higher cinnamic aldehyde content of around 85-90%. The second harvest period, from September to November, yields cinnamic aldehyde levels of 75-83%. Currently, there are sufficient stocks available to meet demand.