Lemon Oil Citrus limon (L.) Burm. F. Harvest: May - July

Argentina’s lemon-growing areas experienced weather conditions conducive to a healthy lemon production. The estimate for MY 2018/2019 points to an improvement on fresh fruit production at 1.6 million MT, higher than last season’s 1.5 million MT. Domestic consumption of lemons is an estimated 100,000 MT, remaining unchanged from the previous year. It was in 2017 that Argentina regained market access to the USA; and in 2018 exported around 10,640 MT of fresh fruit. Exports in 2019 exhibit an upward trend as Argentina recently opened up five new markets – USA, Mexico, Brazil, Vietnam and Indonesia. Driven by a robust supply network and positive price signals, the figures for lemon exports in 2019 are predicted to touch 290,000 MT. The depreciation of the Argentine peso in 2018 has made exports more competitive but this has been partially offset by rising interest rates and input costs, a reinstatement of export taxes and a decrease in export rebates.

New plantations are beginning to produce more fruit but fruit on mature trees seems to be around 20% less than last year. The expansion of lemon production is expected to lead a growth of lemon for processing to about 1.2 MMT as opposed to last year’s 1.18 MMT. Lemon oil treads a steady path to command a firm demand. In comparison to last season, prices of oil have fallen.

Orange and Tangerine Oils Citrus sinensis, Citrus reticulata Harvest: March - June

In 2018/19 Argentine orange and tangerine productions are predicted to fall to 500,000 MT and 280,000 MT respectively, on expectations of smaller production and lower investment in grove management. As a result of lower production and reduced international competitiveness, primarily from South Africa, orange and tangerine exports are projected down to 50,000 MT and 30,000 MT respectively. These are unprecedented lows; significantly reduced due to challenging domestic economic conditions. The fall in supply and domestic demand has had a drastic impact on consumption; orange and tangerine consumption is forecast to fall to 230,000 MT and 150,000 MT respectively. Fresh oranges and tangerines for processing in 2018/2019 are estimated to fall to 223,000 MT and 100,000 MT, respectively, compared with processing in 2017/18 of 257,000 MT and 130,000 MT.

Anise Myrtle Oil Syzygium anisatum Harvest: All Year

Anise myrtle oil is extremely rare and indigenous to Australia. It is considered the most superior quality of aniseed essential oil with heavy plantations found in New South
Wales. The current season is witnessing unfavourable weather conditions, which has led to a decrease in production. However, the demand for anise myrtle oil continues to rise
globally.

Blue Cypress Oil Callitris intratropica Harvest: All Year

Blue cypress, scientifically known as Callitris Intratropica, prefers the monsoonal parts of Northern Australia, including Northern Territory’s Kakadu, Queensland’s Cape York and Western Australia’s Kimberley regions. Technically superior equipment is used to steam distil blue cypress oil from the chipped bark and wood of the tree. Blue cypress oil is slowly and steadily capturing the market. It is extensively being used to replace vetiver, sandalwood and even guaiacwood in fragrances and cosmetics. This has led to an increase in the demand from the aromatherapy sector. The demand and supply equation of blue cypress oil is relatively stable, which has resulted in non-fluctuating prices.

Buddawood Oil Eremophila mitchellii Harvest: March - October

The small figwort buddawood is native to Australia. It requires dry sand or soil to prosper, and that’s why it flourishes in the desert areas of Australia. Buddawood oil is an economical and sustainable alternative to similar products in the market. While the supply of hexane extracted material from Eremophila Mitchelli was limited in the past, today consistent supplies are available. This has been made possible by the support of local authorities, which have aided the development of advanced steam distillation facilities. These new methods of production have resulted in a change of the oil colour. It is now a slightly lighter shade of brown than its original form. The current market showcases steady progress in sales and production, and a healthy rate of increase. Currently, the supply is running higher than the demand

Eucalyptus Horistes Oil Eucalyptus kochii Harvest: April - November

Eucalyptus horistes oil is one of the most interesting products in the market. Its natural high content of cineol (90% min), makes it an attractive product. Though production currently is unable to meet the growing demand, work is being done to increase the production capacity to answer the shortage.

Eucalyptus Radiata Oil Eucalyptus radiata Harvest: April - November

The native Australian eucalyptus radiata is densely spread across central Victoria, through the mountain country of New South Wales and extends to the tablelands of south-eastern Queensland. Even northern Tasmania has a slight population of the eucalyptus radiata. It is a highly adaptable tree and can flourish in fertile and infertile soils with the assistance of good sunlight. The oil is extracted via steam distillation from the leaves and terminal branches. Eucalyptus radiata oil is witnessing an increase in demand, though the production has declined in Australia due to weather conditions. Golden Grove Naturals is working to answer the production shortage by getting involved at the farming level.

Fennel Oil Sweet Foeniculum vulgare Harvest: April - May

Sweet fennel is a small herb that can grow up to 2 metres. It is prominently found in coastal Tasmania. Its multiple uses in aromatherapy, perfumery, flavouring agents and therapy have made it a sought-after product in the market globally. This season has seen unfavourable climate conditions in Australia, which has led to a decrease in production.

Kunzea Oil Kunzea ambigua Harvest: September - January

The Australian kunzea is found prominently in North East Tasmania, the islands of Bass Strait and South Eastern Australian mainland. Also known as white kunzea, it is a large shrub growing 3-5 metres in height. It flowers in spring between the months of August and December. Golden Grove Naturals is working closely with farmers to develop this aromatic oil. However, the current weather conditions in Australia are not conducive to its growth. Thus, production is expected to increase slowly, over a period of time.

Lemon Myrtle Oil Backhousia citriodora Harvest: June - August

Lemon myrtle is one of Australia’s newest and most exciting gifts to the essential oil world. The lemon myrtle tree grows up to a height of 66 feet. It prospers in warm and wet conditions and is indigenous to the rainforests of Queensland from Brisbane to the Atherton Tablelands. A small population of the tree can also be found in cooler parts of Australia. Lemon myrtle oil has seen a steady rise in demand, and to answer it Golden Grove Naturals has invested in the production of lemon myrtle in its Tucki Tucki farm. Unfortunately, weather has not been conducive to production, and a shortfall in production is expected.

Lemon Scented Tea Tree Oil Leptospermum petersonii Harvest: July - September

The strong lemon scent makes the lemon scented tea tree oil an attractive skin care as well as cleaning product. The oil is extracted from a rounded shrub that grows up to 4 m in height in the areas of Queensland and New South Wales. The dry season has upset the plantations, and the overall production of tea tree oil in Australia is expected to go down. The global demand for the product remains high, which could lead to a rise in price.

Peppermint Oil Mentha piperita Harvest: January - March

Peppermint oil is a new addition to the Australian essential oils family. Golden Grove Naturals is working in close proximity with the farmers to aid in the development of the product. At present, Australia produces a low quantity of the oil and is not a major contributor in the global market. But the equation is expected to change in the coming years with a sustained rise in production.

Rosalina Oil Melaleuca ericifolia Harvest: April - November

Wild rosalina trees flourish in wet, swampy lowlands. Thus, it hardly comes as a surprise that New South Wales, Victoria and Tasmania are its prominent habitats. Its oil is extracted through steam distillation of the leaves, twigs, and branches. Rosalina oil is also referred to as lavender tea tree because of the gentle lavender back note. It is mostly used as a subtler version of tea tree oil with lavender tendencies. Rosalina oil has mostly seen a stable market, though unfavourable weather conditions in Australia may lead to a decrease in production.

Sandalwood Oil - Northern Queensland Santalum spicatum Harvest: March - October

Sandalwood spicatum oil is extracted from a rare species of sandalwood using the CO2 method. It is found predominantly in south-west Australia. The shrub can grow up to 6 m in height and survive in drought and salty soil. The market for the oil is currently stable with no fluctuation in prices.

Sandalwood Oil Album Santalum album Harvest: March - November

Sandalwood album oil is extracted from rich heartwood through steam-distillation. Its aromatic, fixative and medicinal properties have made it a treasured product in the market. Currently, a lot of emphasis is laid on sustainable extraction of the oil. Sandalwood album has witnessed a decline in price due to availability issues and severe competition amongst the stakeholders.

Sandalwood Oil Lanceolatum Santalum lanceolatum Harvest: March - October

Sandalwood lancealoatum is a desert tree endemic to central and southern Western Australia and South Australia. Sandalwood oil is harvested from the trees after they reach optimum maturity. In other words, unless the trees are 15-20 years old, they are not touched for oil. Australia has numerous long term plantations of sandalwood dating back to the 1990s, and thus has hectares of plantations ready to be used for oil production.

The oil is obtained through the process of steam distillation of powdered sandalwood. The butts and tree roots house the best oil quality. Sandalwood oil is known for its calming qualities, and helps clear the mind. It can have a massive appeal in the fragrance and aromatherapy industry due to its interesting qualities.

Sandalwood Oil – Vanuatu Santalum austrocaledonicum Harvest: March - October

Sandalwood austrocaledonicum is a highly soughtafter and rare variety of sandalwood. It has a soothing effect that makes it a popular choice in body and skin care products. The price has remained stable over a period, though the demand for the oil has decreased slightly due to a decrease in the price of sandalwood album quality.

Tea Tree Oil Melaleuca alternifolia Harvest: May - November

The tea tree is endemic to New South Wales and Northern Queensland. The harvest period starts in May and lasts till November. The tea tree generally grows up to a height of 2 metres, and takes around 12-15 months to fully mature. Unfortunately, due to the dry spell, the coming season does not look good for tea tree oil. The overall production in Australia is expected to take a hit, though global demand is increasing. This shortage of supply will result in an increase in price.

Eucalyptus Oil Citriodora Eucalyptus Citriodora Harvest: May - November

Brazil is experiencing copious rainfall and this will continue till the end of the rainy season i.e. March. Consequently, production is minimal. Demand has seen a noticeable spurt in the last two years and there is no difficulty in catering for it because of long stocks. Also, prices have spiralled to a small high; making the farmer community jubilant.

Orange Oil CP Citrus sinensis Harvest: July - December

The USDA forecast for the new Brazilian crop for year beginning July 2019 is estimated at 435 million boxes. This is a marked improvement, representing an increase of 50 million boxes or an increase of 13% compared to the current year, 2018-19. These are general estimates, and a better indication will be available by the end of March since the current orange season closure is June 2019. The recovery of citrus trees and favourable weather patterns are the main reasons behind the improved forecast. The current crop estimate has been revised downward from 393 to 385 million boxes. This is because the fruit size is smaller and there was above-average droppage in the key growing areas. This crop was stretched with some fruit coming in from the second and third blooming. The disappointing aspect was that the extra fruit did not meet required specifications and consequently, orange oil production fell short of original projections.

The research group Fundecitrus, which represents Brazil’s largest orange processors, reported the 2018-19 crop in the two main regions of São Paulo and Minas Gerais of 285 million boxes (of 40.6 kg each), a reduction of 30% from the 2017-18 crop, Meanwhile the USDA zeroed in on 280 million boxes. Though the crop has been markedly smaller, the trees have experienced less stress and are in good health to produce more fruit. The weather was conducive, with adequate rains and ideal soil moisture during the blossoming period. Considering these favourable factors, USDA predicts a very good crop rising to 330 million boxes. Hopes for a better crop are being pinned on the next season, which will begin in July 2019.

According to CitrusBR, Brazilian orange juice production should total just 874,000 MT in the 2018-19 crop year that ends in June, a 27.5% decline from the previous season, although industrial yield was better than the previous year. Most of the big players have already finished processing and are now involved in the preparatory maintenance for next season. January brought in some exceedingly high temperatures in the citrus belts, and this affected the processing pace considerably. Excessive rains followed this during the last week of processing. Consequently the numbers for fruit crushing were greatly reduced. The market believes that global Brazilian orange juice inventories will tighten by the end of this season in June 2019.

With regard to orange processing, the USDA estimates that 264 million boxes will be processed during 2018-19, compared with 395 million boxes in 2017-18. The preliminary estimate for 2019-20 is 313 million boxes based on the substantial forecast growth in orange production. Brazil dominates global orange juice exports but faces the challenge of falling global demand alongside increased international competition from countries such as Mexico. The higher production forecast has led to a softening of both orange oil and terpene prices, which are at their lowest for 5 years. Demand for both orange terpenes and d’limonene has fallen, in part because of substitution of dipentene in certain end uses as well as efforts to reduce dependence on d’limonene because of its price volatility and reduced supply over recent years.

Lavender Oil Lavandula angustifolia Harvest: July

Bulgarian lavender was not able to meet expectations last season. The crop saw a 50% decrease in production, with only 100- 120 MT being recorded. This has resulted in a difficult situation for oil supply. Last season’s stock of lavender oil was mostly sold out, although some producers may have small quantities of the product remaining.

Rose Oil Rosa damascena Harvest: May - June

The price of rose oil is expected to remain stable. While most producers successfully sold their produce last season, a few with large quantities in stock are offering the oil at a reduced price. Unfortunately, customers are wary of the authenticity of the oil at this price. A good crop is expected. And, with new rose fields added in the last few years, rose blossoms will fetch a price similar to last season without any significant increase. Established producers purchase rose petals at 1.34 Euro/kg. Melting snow is a great source of water and considered good for the crop, but this winter has seen reduced snowfall. However, adequate rain is expected in spring to water the rose gardens.

Cassia Oil Cinnamomum cassia Harvest: May - July, October - December

Cassia is not faring too well in terms of demand, so it is a tad challenging to predict prices for 2019. It still remains unique and a class apart from the other Chinese essential oils so prices will not have too big a plunge in 2019. January saw prices dipping. It is nearing season’s end and output too is gradually dwindling. During the Chinese New Year holiday, domestic logistics players ceased their operations. Factories stopped processing, thereby limiting inventories, though it did not significantly affect prices. Considering some factories are still in the process of accumulating raw materials to fulfill orders, logistics could not be effectively undertaken and there continued to be a dearth of oil; price appreciation is but natural. Between 2012 and 2017 Chinese annual cassia oil exports showed a continuous downward trend falling from 526 MT per year to 280 MT. However, in 2018 estimated cassia oil exports rose to 339 MT.

Citronella Oil Cymbopogon winterianus Harvest: June - December

Going by initial reports, the rains have lashed the plants and so the current crop is expected to be quite small. Most processors are unwilling to enter into negotiations, as they believe that prices will steady out in the near future. Currently, citronella is in relatively short supply; and prices are skyrocketing. Production was small, around 400 MT in 2018 although some sources put it higher. Nevertheless, it was substantially below 2017 levels, and prices are very high. Stimulated by high pricing, production may surge to reach around 500 to 600 MT. With oil from neighbouring Vietnam buoying supplies, the high prices were somewhat alleviated. However, the market seems to be perturbed since there is almost no oil to be found. On one hand, there is hardly any new oil from the planting areas; and on the other hand, carryover is getting limited. Those who are holding stocks are reluctant to sell in anticipation of higher margins. The situation was expected to ease out after the Chinese New Year holidays.

Eucalyptus Oil Eucalyptus globulus Harvest: July - October

Early December witnessed some slackening of prices, which however has been reversed. The December stocks have been consumed. With the Chinese New Year, prices firmed up. Now, there is a probability of reduced availability and rising prices since the largest crop season has ended. China’s eucalyptus oil production in 2018 was estimated at just over 10,000 MT compared with 6,750 MT in 2017. Eucalyptus oil 80%, which had disappeared from the markets, has made a re-entry. Currently, the eucalyptol 99.5 % supply situation has eased as well.

Geranium Oil Pelargonium graveolens Harvest: May - September

November marks the end of the geranium crop season. Availabilityis reasonable while demand is slack. There was marginal easing of prices in December following the sustained increase in October and November. 2018 saw a good crop size of 70 to 80 MT, an increase from the previous year. The other economic plants in China’s key producing region did not fare well in terms of pricing, so the farmers are likely to enlarge their geranium plantations in 2019. This year’s crop is forecasted at around 100 MT, so prices may fall when the crop season starts in April 2019.

Litsea Cubeba Oil Litsea cubeba Harvest: July - September

The crop season has passed and there are some stocks left in farmers’ hands. There is weak demand and prices are stable, albeit very high. Reports of dwindling carryover stocks are coming in. With the new harvest not expected until the end of August or September, the situation remains unchanged. The distillation of Litsea cubeba creates various waste products. The cost of disposing the waste is high, under China’s strict environmental protection legislation. In 2019, environmental policies have become stricter, and could lead to some operations ceasing production. In the light of this development, users of this oil should ensure that they have access to adequate supplies in advance.

Natural Citral ex Litsea Litsea cubeba Harvest: July - October

Low demand has led prices to rise and remain there. Carryover stocks are diminishing fast and the new crop is not due until the end of August and September. This trend is expected to continue till that time.

Star Anise Oil Illicium verum Harvest: March - May, November - December

The distillation period has ended. The supply of oil from the fruit is tight this year and collection is hard. Oil from the leaf can be distilled all year round but is now at an end. Demand and price are in a balanced equation, and predicted to remain this way in the current situation.

Turpentine Oil Pinus species

As the accompanying article on Terpenes illustrates, China is a very important, if declining, source of turpentine and terpene derivatives. Towards the end of 2019, reports from the growing regions of Guangdong, Jiangxi, and Fujian suggested marginal decreases in prices for gum turpentine, as several processors sold at reduced prices in order to generate liquidity for end of year loan repayments. However, prices for derivatives were still in the process of firming. Gum rosin and gum turpentine are jointly produced products, approximately in the ratio of 4:1. The fall in gum rosin demand has put upward pressure on gum turpentine prices, which have risen to their late 2018 levels. They are predicted to rise further, suggesting possible further upward price pressures on terpenes.

Wintergreen Oil Gaultheria procumbens Harvest: July - September

The prices that were offered to farmers were so abysmal that they were discouraged from planting wintergreen. Therefore very little has been produced. Though the prices are showing signs of firming up, stocks are depleted. Riding on a weak demand, output has been low and consequently, supplies too are limited.

Aniseed Oil Pimpinella anisum L. Harvest: July - September

Laden with medicinal properties, aniseed oil is a popular product in the market. The new crop of aniseed is available in the market.

Chamomile Blue Oil Matricaria chamomilla Harvest: March - May

Blue chamomile oil is witnessing a slow, but steady increase in price. This can be attributed to the short supply of acceptable quality of the oil. The price rise is not expected to cease anytime soon. These prices are higher compared to previous seasons.

Coriander Herb Oil Coriandrum sativum L. Harvest: January - February, June - July

There is a stable supply of coriander herb oil in the current season.

Geranium Concrete Pelargonium graveolens Harvest: June - July

Pelargonium graveolens is one of the most fragrant species of pelargonium and used as a source for geranium oil. The woody herb is native to South Africa, but is produced in large quantities in Egypt as well. It flourishes in a subtropical climate.

Geranium Oil Pelargonium graveolens Harvest: June - July

The current market situation has led to fluctuating prices, and they are expected to rise further.

Jasmine Absolute Jasminum grandiflorum L. Harvest: June - November

Jasmine absolute experienced an increase in cost this season, due to the rise in the price of petroleum products, hexane, water, electricity, and even salaries of workers.

Marjoram Oil Origanum majorana Harvest: August - September

Currently, there is a stable supply of marjoram oil in the market. But there are indicators that signal limited cultivation of the next crop, due to low demand in the market for the oil as well as dry leaves of the plant.

Parsley Herb Oil Petroselinum crispum Harvest: April - May

The versatile herb of parsley is native to the Mediterranean region. The herb reaches a maximum height of one to two feet and flourishes in areas with partial shade. Parsley herb oil is available in stock.

Clary Sage Oil Salvia sclarea Harvest: June - July

The season for clary sage starts late June and lasts only for a couple of weeks. France is generally known to consume its annual production of clary sage oil internally through the aromatherapy and perfumery industry. However, lately there is a decline in the price of the product due to lower demand in the market.

Cypress Oil Cupressus sempervirens L. Harvest: All Year

There are adequate stocks of cypress oil and production takes place throughout most of the year.

Lavandin Abrialis Lavandula hybrida var. abrialis Harvest: July - August

Lavandin abrialis is a hybrid of true lavender and spike lavender. For aromatic purposes lavandin abrialis oil possesses the characteristic aroma of organic lavender, though without the underlying camphor scent. The oil is currently not a favourite among buyers, due to its high price at the source. For lavandin abrialis oil to regain a competitive edge in the market production will need a spike and prices will have to go down.

Lavandin Grosso Lavandula hybrida var. grosso Harvest: July - August

Yet another hybrid quality, lavandin grosso exhibits qualities of true and spike lavender. Its flowers showcase a range of colours from intense blue-purple to greyer shades of spike lavender. Lavandin grosso is generally harvested in August. Its oil is highly sought after, though an unsatisfactory crop last season has resulted in a shortage of supply. With new areas being used for plantations, there is an expected surge in production next season, though it will depend heavily on favourable climate conditions.

Lavandin Sumian Lavandula hybrida var. sumian Harvest: July - August

Lavandin sumian is a healthy and strong hybrid with a regular good yield. It fetches a decent price in the market, though there isn’t a stable demand for the product. This led to low quantities being produced last season. The oil can be developed and added to the palette over a period of time.

Lavandin Super Lavandula hybrida var. super Harvest: July - August

Similar to lavandin abrialis oil, lavandin super too is failing to attract buyers. The high price of the product at source is working as a major deterrent. Lavandin super oil will need a push on the production side and a decline of price to forge a relationship with buyers again.

Lavender Maillette Oil Lavandula angustifolia var. maillette Harvest: July

Maillette lavender is another variety of fine lavender, reproduced by seed germination. It is widely cultivated in Provence on sunny mountain slopes between 600 and 1700 metres. The production issues with Bulgarian lavender oil have worked as a boon for maillette, and it has witnessed a sizeable increase in demand. Though with the new season of Bulgarian lavender oil around the corner, it is yet to be seen if the high demand for maillette remains.

Lavender Oil Lavandula angustifolia Harvest: September

The evergreen shrub lavender hails from a similar family as mint. It flourishes in the wild highland regions of France, particularly in the Alpes de Haute Provence. It is recognised as one of the major lavender producing regions in the world. The intense blue-purple flowers bloom in summer, and are harvested in July and August. Fine lavender has seen a low yield compared to maillette in the recent past, which has shot up the prices. It is thus obvious that lavender fine oil is attracting fewer customers than maillette.

Amyris Oil Amyris balsamifera Harvest: All Year

The woody aroma of amyris essential oil has given it the pseudonym West Indian Sandalwood. It is mostly found in the mountainous regions of south-eastern Haiti. The current sensitive political climate in Haiti has also affected amyris oil production. Even though amyris production is scaled back during this period, the unavailability of fuel has left finished goods trapped in warehouses for the foreseeable future. Processors are hoping that the situation subsides soon, but at the moment they have to be patient and play the waiting game.

Basil Oil Ocimum basilicum Harvest: November - February

There is already a lull in the market with a downward slide in prices. The new crop is yet to come in.

Black Pepper Oil Piper nigrum L. Harvest: December - February

Global prices for black pepper have reached their multi-year nadir about a month ago. With a 2 to 3% price hike across all black pepper sources, there is limited scope for further downside movement. Our recommendation is to assess and cover long term requirements. There is also a dip in the quantity of oil available; so the period of easily available low cost oil is also drawing to a close.

Capsicum Oil Capsicum frutescens Harvest: April - May

This year the Indian monsoon has been normal. The sowing area for the 2019 crop has been increased, and the market is looking forward to stable prices for chillies in the next six months. It is advised that only short-term requirements are addressed for now.

Cardamom Oil Elettaria cardamomum Harvest: September - December

Kerala is the main source of cardamom in India. The recent floods were devastating, affecting the growing areas and causing a crop loss of about 20%. Price correction is definitely not around the corner.

Celery Seed Oil Apium graveolens Harvest: May - June

It is recommended that medium term requirements are addressed, as the next crop is expected only in May 2019. A marginal price correction might be on the cards.

Cornmint Oil Mentha arvensis Harvest: May - July

There is a lull in the market for this crop. Prices are falling while the new crop is eagerly awaited. Considering present market circumstances and the demand-supply ratio, acreage is expected to increase. Mentha arvensis planting began from the end of February. The crop may stretch out till the end of March or even early April – a little later than the usual planting period. Naturally, this deferral in planting will also delay harvesting and distillation, which will be late by around 15 to 20 days. Hence there is the apprehension of loss of yield of final crop output due to onset of early monsoons. Mentha arvensis oil is fetching better prices for the farmers in comparison to Menthe piperita oil.

Cumin Seed Oil Cuminum cyminum Harvest: May - June

The sowing of the cumin seeds commenced in November 2018 and the picture looks good. Healthy rainfall and strong prices are expected to contribute to a good season.

Ginger Oil Zingiber officinale Harvest: January - April

The copious rainfall in India, especially Kerala, has affected the crop and consequently prices have shot up by over 20%. There is limited availability of carry forward; and the market is hoping for firmer trading prices in 2019.

Lemongrass Oil Cymbopogon citratus Harvest: July - November

Lemongrass prices seem to be falling now and there is not much reason to be perturbed. The easing of prices could be due to the availability of synthetic citral in the market.

Nutmeg Oil Myristica fragrans Harvest: June - August

Almost 25% of the trees in the nutmeg growing areas were impacted by the acute floods. Production is anticipated to be lower in the coming season; but prices to trade higher. It is recommended all serious buyers fulfil their medium term requirements.

Paprika Oil Capsicum annuum L. Harvest: October - March

With the normal monsoon rains this year, it is hoped that the sowing area for paprika will increase for 2019. On the contrary, China is looking at 10% lower crop as compared to last season. With large carryover stocks still available with both manufacturers and customers, there is bound to be some volatility in paprika oleoresin prices in the coming two or three months. It is recommended that material for midterm requirements till the first quarter of 2019 is booked at the earliest.

Peppermint Oil Mentha piperita Harvest: April - July

The market for M. piperita (peppermint) oil seems to be quite stable at present with quite a steady demand. But, there is a dearth of good quality material. The current prices of Indian peppermint are paralleling the lower farm level prices of US markets. Naturally, the USA export scenario is highly discouraging as far as Indian exports are concerned. However, as a result of duty differentials, a significant amount is diverted to China. This has helped to maintain a reasonably continuous demand in the market. The M. piperita season began from the middle of January and extended until February. As a result, the current crop was almost 20 days later than usual. This year, going by the crop estimates coming in from the growing regions, the acreage for the M. piperita crop is predicted to go down by a significant 30%. Early March reveals a clearer picture once the crop starts developing. Considering the news of new plantation root holdings and comparing last year’s figures, it is hoped that 2019 will fare better. Also 2018 saw the prices of Mentha arvensis (cornmint) oil shoot up in comparison to M. piperita; so this year farmers are more inclined to favour M.arvensis. Currently there is an adequate amount of synthetic peppermint and the carryover is decent. M.piperita containing 1.7% menthofuran continues to enjoy robust demand, which has inched up day by day. The oil blend is prepared with P&N M. piperita oil having higher furan content as one of its key ingredients, which is mixed with some derivatives of natural M. arvensis oil. In the current situation, it is advised to book orders to cover present requirements.

Spearmint Oil Mentha spicata Harvest: July - August

There is not much action with tepid demand and consequently not much availability.

Turmeric Root Oil Curcuma longa Harvest: March - May

The Indian monsoon has not disappointed and there was adequate rainfall. The sector is looking at a larger sowing area, almost 20% increase as compared to last season. With limited carryover stock available in the market, prices are expected to settle at their current levels.

Black Pepper CO2 Oil Piper nigrum L. Harvest: December - February

Vietnam had a bumper production, which has led to a drastic price crash for black pepper. This spice is charting a path similar to that of turmeric. Considering that Van Aroma produces black pepper oil and oleoresin using CO2 extraction, now is an ideal time to deliberate this new offering. Also the current market dynamics are conducive for easy entry into this product.

Cajeput Oil Melaleuca cajuputi Harvest: All Year

Indonesia has stepped up its export of cajeput but this has not affected the production in any way. On the contrary, production of cajeput oil has increased in recent times and holds promise of further improvement. The oil has extensive use in traditional and local medicine, the main reason behind its strong domestic demand. Unlike with some other producers the AAI quality has remained good and consistent during testing times when there were challenges in sourcing the oil. Today the exchange rates are affecting prices, but the market is hoping that rates will even out soon.

Cananga Oil Cananga odorata Harvest: June - August

Citronella Oil Cymbopogon winterianus Harvest: October - February

The good news is that production has improved this year. But what is disheartening is that this has had little influence in appeasing prices as they continue to remain firm alongside a wanting market. The positive side is that many farmers have invested in citronella this past year so supplies are expected to increase into 2019.

Citronella derivatives have been the subject of much speculation lately. Indonesia has stepped up its production volumes but this is balanced out by the decline in production volumes by China. This increase in volume may have caused some softening of prices at source in Indonesia. Despite this, general price levels in global markets remained stagnant or dipped negligibly. With many new plantations, and sources coming up both in Java and Sulawesi, there is also a lot of out-of-specification and non-ISO specified material available in the market. Buyers are advised to check samples prior to committing at low prices.

Clove Oil Eugenia caryophyllata Harvest: May - September

The past few weeks have seen a sharp rise in clove prices. There has been incessant rainfall but, despite this, production is stable at source. Sulawesi is gradually inching its way to being a foremost contributor to the volume of clove oil being produced. With Madagascar also contributing with clove, this has been a balancing factor in overall clove prices; and the market is hoping that the drastic price surges will be less frequent. Van Aroma’s volumes have grown significantly in the last 8 to 10 months.

Ginger Oil Fresh Zingiber officinale Harvest: January - May

Robust domestic demand and quite a bit of attention in international forums have been instrumental in influencing the price of this oil. Supplies are at a recent low; prices are on the higher side and there are no obvious improvements on the horizon.

Gurjun Balsam Oil Dipterocarpus spp. Harvest: March - May

The indigenous paper and pulp industry has recently laid claim to Indonesia’s rich forests. Therefore there has been a radical decrease in supplies for the Copaene type Gurjun balsam. The overall production for the year 2018 did not meet the mark of previous years; and it is expected that the oil will persist in its decline in the coming years.

Nutmeg Oil Myristica fragrans Harvest: All Year

Currently, nutmeg stands on a firm footing, as it has for some time now. No significant upheavals are anticipated in the short term since the supply and demand equation seems to be balanced with universally accepted price levels. In keeping with past trends, the volume of production in Sumatra is higher than in Java. Considering that there are limited major buyers, and a stable demand for the product, no price vacillation is predicted. In addition to the above, the attraction for the “Safrole free” variant of nutmeg oil is gaining momentum among practitioners of conventional and aromatherapy wellness. Market players are looking at this variant as a growth area, and a driver for volumes in the coming years.

Patchouli Oil Pogostemon cablin Harvest: All Year

Local patchouli stock availability is gradually diminishing and supplies are slow due to the rains. This has pushed up local prices. The new harvest is expected to start around early to mid-April, depending on the region. Sources are unable to comment on the production for this harvest or the market reaction to improvement in supply; but the market is looking forward to an easing of prices in the coming weeks. The upcoming harvest is expected to peak in May to June.

Patchouli has witnessed a slowdown in sales over the last couple of years, and this has been well documented. The dismal prices that the crop has been fetching have dampened the interest of farmers and now they are not too keen to continue with patchouli at these levels. There was an underlying hope that prices would rally once supplies flowed back in line with demand, and existing stocks were exhausted. This would be the natural course in any case, but the arid weather conditions and natural disasters in Sulawesi have compounded the problems of farmers and distillers. This has led to a much faster slide in prices than was anticipated. With the arrival of the rains there was expectation of market interest for the early New Year. But there was no word from the collection points and this put further strain on supplies. The ripple effects were felt in local supplies, especially after a spike in exports during September and October (perhaps after IFEAT Cartagena Conference). Now, supplies continue to remain subdued until March. Prices are susceptible to volatility, and will react to any strong demand during this period.

Vetiver Oil Vetiveria zizanioides Harvest: January - July

Prices of vetiver have eased due to a sudden influx of new materials in recent weeks. This has alleviated the pressure; and now prices have stabilised. It is still some time before the next harvest comes in during Q3, so a price hike may be imminent. Of late, the Indonesian producers have faced criticism for delivering inferior quality. With recent developments to enhance quality, and efforts to improve distillation equipment and processes, the quality dispatched for export is markedly better than before. In spite of these challenges, Indonesian vetiver oil maintains its unique characteristics, and is perceived as a quality product as compared to the Haitian material.

Bergamot Oil Citrus bergamia Harvest: November - March

The prediction of an unsatisfactory crop and the escalated demand for fresh fruit was well anticipated. Consequently, prices of bergamot fruit were already at a peak. December saw a slight dip in the prices of both fruit and oil; but prices rose again by the end of December. The season closed in February. Organic bergamot obtains a premium of approximately 10%.

Lemon Oil Citrus limon (L.) Burm. F. Harvest: November - January, April - July

Italy is Europe’s second largest lemon producer after Spain with most lemons destined for the fresh market. Sicily is the main lemon-producing region accounting for some 88% of domestic production. Femminello Siracusano, Lunario, Interdonato, Limone di Sorrento, and Limone di Procida are the leading lemon varieties grown. The USDA forecast 2018/19 lemon production at 400,000 MT, a decrease by 8% compared to the previous year due to hailstorms in spring 2018. However, quality is forecast to be excellent. In addition, Italy imports an estimated additional 128,000 MT of lemons and in total the quantity destined for processing in 2018/19 is estimated 72,000 MT, some 6,300 MT below 2017/18 levels.

Fresh fruit prices have fallen by 7% to 8% below the last crop, but almost 100% more than Spanish prices. The challenge is to find clients who are willing to purchase at these prices; but anything below these represents a loss for the industry. Despite the reduced crop this is not such a big factor. Due to fewer oranges a higher demand for lemons is anticipated from processors, to fulfil the working time. As a result, fruit prices are expected to increase again in March and April. Now is a good time to purchase and cover current requirements.

Mandarin Oil Citrus reticulata Harvest: February - May

The previous crop scenario was very bleak, and so there was very little processing of green and yellow mandarins. There may be not more than 50 to 70 drums in all Sicily; and almost all of these are already sold or under contract at between €68 to €72/ kg. Red mature mandarin oil is processed from the end of January onwards but less than green and yellow mandarins. It is a discouragingly small crop and at the end of February there was a shutdown in production.

Orange Oil Blood Citrus sinensis Harvest: December - February

In Italy most oranges are consumed fresh. Blood varieties (Tarocco, Moro, and Sanguinello) are used primarily for fresh consumption. Late varieties (Ovale, and Valencia) are destined for both the processing and fresh markets. The volume of oranges channelled into processing depends on orange quality and the level of domestic and export consumption of oranges. In 2018/19 Italy is forecast to process approximately 267,000 MT of oranges and produce 18,690 MT of orange concentrate.  In comparison to the other important citrus players, Italy’s blood orange crop was quite dismal. This pushed up the prices to overtake last year’s figures but there are no buyers. It is anticipated that, propelled by a decent demand from customers, the existing stock sells for a reasonable price.

Hinoki Oil Chamaecyparis obtusa Harvest: All Year

Hinoki wood and leaf oils have seen an exceptional rise in demand propelled by the aromatherapy and perfumery industries. The Shinjo village areas enjoyed warmer weather this year with not much snow; so there was sufficient supply of quality raw materials. Production was managed well and prices continue to remain unwavering.

Key Lime Oil Citrus aurantifolia Harvest: May - October

Mexico has maintained its customary levels of key lime production with near 3.7 million MT of lime being harvested. The steady expansion of the fresh fruit market in the USA and Europe has a substantial bearing on the availability of fruit for processing. It is estimated that only 8%, about 300,000 MT of limes were available in Mexico during 2018 for processing into essential oils, juices and peel. The situation is set to endure well into 2019, since the additional new plantations that are being planted are still developing and not yet producing normal yields. Distilled key lime oil demand has seen a marked slowdown since last year but is predicted to renew and increase from the middle of 2019. It is rather too early to comment on volumes and pricing. Demand for CP lime oil remains unwavering and so is its price. The market expects good short and medium term stability on this item.

Artemisia Taurica Artemisia taurica Harvest: July - September

Artemisia is produced across Northern and Central Europe, Asia and Africa. It mostly prospers in uncultivated areas with nitrogenous soils. The production this season is expected to be low due to lack of rain.

Clary Sage Oil Salvia sclarea L. Harvest: July - August

With numerous therapeutic benefits, the flowering herb of clary sage grows up to six feet in height. Russia is known to be the leading producer of clary sage oil. Unfortunately production has been disappointing this fiscal year, and the quality of the crop unsatisfactory. Though with French clary sage plantations flourishing, it should be possible to meet all demands.

Coriander Herb Oil Coriandrum sativum L. Harvest: May - June

Commonly referred as cilantro, coriander herb oil has a limited shelf life. The crop was disappointing this season, and a surplus from 2017 is still available.

Coriander Seed Oil Corriandrum sativum L. Harvest: July - August

Coriander seeds are steam distilled to extract the oil. The crop is harvested between July and August. A poor crop affected production last year, but some carryover stock from the previous season was still available. The oil saw a price rise of almost 50% due to bad weather, as well as limited planting by farmers, who received a low price for the seeds in 2017.

Dill Weed Oil Anethum graveolens L. Harvest: July - September

Dill weed oil is derived from the herb Anethum graveolens. The crop is harvested between July and September, and the oil extracted through steam distillation. The weather last season, though, was not healthy for the growth of the crop. Luckily, the production has been good in the United States to meet the demand for the oil.

Lavender Oil Lavandula angustifolia Harvest: July - August

Lavender is harvested during summer around mid-July, when the flowers start to wilt. Plantations in Russia are spread across the southern region. Last season saw a disappointing crop, which led to a drastic increase in price. Former Soviet Union countries not producing juniper berry and thuja oil are also an added factor.

Neroli Oil Citrus aurantium Harvest: April - May

This year’s production may be average owing to the lack of rain in Morocco. Depending on temperatures in the coming weeks, production may be average compared to previous years. It takes seven years to achieve full yields for neroli, and with the increase in the number of producers and projects launched some years ago, there may be a higher volume produced this year. These two phenomena may balance each other and create price stability.

Manuka Oil Leptospermum scoparium Harvest: April - October

Manuka, scientifically known as Leptospermum scoparium, is prominently found in New Zealand. The Maori tribe of New Zealand has been using the oil for almost 900 years. They used the leaves, bark and seed capsules of the bush to cure a variety of ailments.

The manuka tree grows anywhere between 2 to 15 metres with dense branches, small leaves, and white and pink flowers. It is a dry crop, harvested every year based on the weather. The plantation and harvesting season lasts all year long, and mechanical harvesting is carried out for manuka.

Even though manuka oil is a relatively new entry in the world of essential oils, its impressive diversity of applications makes it a price catch. The introduction of the oil in several UK hospitals for treatment has resulted in an increase in demand and, as a result, price.

Vetiver Oil Vetiveria zizanioides Harvest: February - May

Haiti is an important supplier of amyris and vetiver oils. Les Cayes is the primary area for the production of vetiver. The political climate in Haiti has taken a turn for the worse with escalating levels of unrest and protests. The country has been almost shut down, and the timing couldn’t have been worse. This is a crucial stage in the vetiver production cycle. The period from January to March is utilised for harvesting and distillation of the crop and fresh materials are distilled to create the finest quality oil and give the highest yields. The political unrest has reduced availability and the difficulties have been compounded by problems of inflation, corruption, fuel availability and delayed shipments. Processors have been starved of fuel supplies and been unable to move goods and receive boiler fuels for distillation. These constant delays have left the producers in a precarious position. They are either unable to produce oil from fresh raw materials, or move finished product.

Fir Needle Oil Abies sibirica Ledeb. Harvest: April - September

Fir needle essential oil is found in abundance in Russia and is extracted through steam distillation with typical yields of around 0.80% to 1.25%. There is abundant supply of the oil in stock, even though the price increased by 2-3 Euros by the producers due to higher production costs.

Eucalyptus Smithii Oil Eucalyptus smithii Harvest: July - October

The demand for this material is gradually on the rise since it is a universally accepted substitute for other eucalyptus oils that have less stable supply. Consequently, the last couple of years has seen prices move in an upward direction, but is not expected to increase further at this stage. Material is readily available.

Marula Oil Sclerocarya birrea Harvest: April - October

This year opens with adequate availability of material. Marula oil demand continues to escalate with its increasing popularity in new hair and skin care applications. Input costs in the areas of production have gone up, so prices are predicted to inch upwards in 2019.

Rose Geranium Oil Pelargonium roseum Harvest: April - June

2018 saw a lot of new plantings of rose geranium. This augurs well in terms of availability of additional material, but it will still be limited. There are various other crop trials in different parts of the country. These point towards an incremental increase in annual supply. Prices remain at the same levels as those of last year.

Tagette Oil Tagetes erecta Harvest: June - August

2019 is expected to witness a strong supply for this oil. The demand and supply equation remains balanced and as a result no shortages are anticipated in this season. Prices are expected to remain steady.

Tea Tree Oil Melaleuca alternifolia Harvest: October - January

Tea tree continues to command its high levels of global demand. The market is expecting product shortages in 2019, especially for the organic material. The country has undertaken extensive plantings so hopefully product shortages will be eliminated over the next two years.

Lavandin Grosso Lavandula hybrida Harvest: July - August

There are lots of new plantations and we expect the yield to increase 30-40 % this year. Carry over is nil. However, we cannot predict what the quality will be like as it is the first year of harvest.

Lemon Oil Citrus limon (L.) Burm. F. Harvest: November - July

Estimates for Verna lemon production peg the figures at 380,000 MT. This is good news for Spain as it extends the season until August. AILIMPO’s third lemon harvest estimate for the 2018-19 season endorses the initial predictions published in September. It outlines an estimated total crop of 1,300,000 MT; with a marginal increase in Fino lemon and Verna lemon showing recovery in volumes. The second phase of the season promises to be more encouraging with active demand and a greater growth rate for Fino lemon. For the Verna variety, it is a repeat of the 2001 story with crop volume forecasted at 380,000 MT.

If production goes as per predictions, Spain will retain its commanding position as the undisputed principal supplier in the European Union from April to August 2019. Spain’s unshakeable domination in lemon oil has been distinguished by superior quality, guarantee of health coupled with excellent service. However, despite the impressive global crop figure, the rate of harvesting up to January has been low, leading to diminished processing activity. As a result, around 280,000 MT of fruit is expected to be channelled towards processing, a figure that is lower compared to the initial forecast of 300,000 MT.  One source argues that reduced harvesting is partially the result of strong price competition from Turkey lemons, and to avoid lower lemon prices and losing market share, Spanish growers have slowed down harvesting.

Thyme Oil Red Thymus vulgaris Harvest: June - August

There are no difficulties with the stock and its availability. The new crop is set to begin in June 2019.

Cinnamon Bark Oil Cinnamomum zeylanicum Harvest: May - December

The last quarter of 2018 saw an abundance of availability, although there were a few weeks of slowdown due to seasonal leafing. This is the time when it is difficult to separate the cinnamon bark from the wood, leading to an interruption in the peeling process. These factors combined with relative stable export demand, and a weak rupee lead to no change in prices. However, raw material supplies dipped from late February 2019 so there are hopes of a price rise, at least till the new harvest comes in.

Cinnamon Leaf Oil Cinnamomum zeylanicum Harvest: March - August

The profusion of cinnamon leaves and, consequently, good obtainability of raw material has contributed to even out availability of cinnamon leaf oil. But demand is subdued, so prices have fallen to even lower levels than before.

Cinnamon Oil Cinnamomum Zeylanicum Harvest: May - December

This market has witnessed a drastic drop in production levels in recent months. This has adversely affected the local prices of raw materials. In addition, the exchange rates are not encouraging, and have exerted additional pressure on yet another essential oil of Indonesian origin.

Citronella Oil Cymbopogon nardus Harvest: May - December

Adequate rainfall in the month of September has been a vital contributor to a healthy harvest, boosting the availability of grasses. Thus the production was healthy. Prices too were unwavering over the quarter. The oil from Java continues to offer stiff competition and demand for the Sri Lankan variety lingers at the previous low level. Therefore, no marked difference in prices is anticipated in the coming months.

Clove Bud Oil Syzygium aromaticum Harvest: January - February

Clove crops were in the process of being harvested at the time of writing this. The spice export industry was continuing to dominate the demand for fresh clove materials. However, during the first quarter of 2019 some adjustment in the market price for Sri Lankan clove bud oil can be expected. Considering the competitive pricing of Indonesian traders, Sri Lankan distillers are expected to maintain low prices.

Clove Stem Oil Eugenia caryophyllata Harvest: January - February

The new crop of clove stems has resulted in a significant supply of raw materials. Naturally the price for clove stems has plummeted sharply. It is prudent to suppose that clove stem oil prices will remain low in the coming weeks.

Nutmeg Oil Myristica fragrans Harvest: February - May

The year end harvest is coming in. Indonesian nutmeg oil continues to maintain its stable pricing, putting the Sri Lankan producers in a pressure situation. Considering the abundance of raw material and stiff competition from Indonesia, prices are predicted to remain low.

Cedarwood Oil Texas Juniperus mexicana Harvest: All Year

The USA has emerged as a significant producer of cedarwood oil Texas and Virginia. There are various oil fractions and compositions at source; however, demand and market dynamics continue to stand on steady ground. If there is not much fluctuation in the economy and considering the costs of operations, prices are set to remain unaffected. There were unprecedented downpours in Texas at the end of last year, which continued for over two months. As a result, there was an acute dearth of wood supply of both Texas and Virginia. The distillers consumed their entire thousand ton wood inventory, and are now in the process of replenishing their stocks.

Grapefruit Oil Citrus paradisi Harvest: December - April

This year the estimate for the main growing states in the USA is expected to increase by 24% as compared to last season. Florida grapefruit production is poised to show the largest growth with production of 5.4 million boxes compared with the previous year’s 3.8 million boxes.

Lemon Oil Citrus limon (L.) Burm. F. Harvest: May - July

The USDA’s March lemon production forecast for 2018-19 is 21.4 million boxes (776,000 MT), a slight decrease from 2017-18 output of 22.4 million boxes (791,000 MT). The quantity of processed lemons is also predicted to fall slightly to 155,000 MT. California continues to dominate production with some 93.5% of lemon output with Arizona accounting for the remainder. Californian lemon producers have faced a difficult year as a result of a hot summer, natural disasters combined with rising freight rates. Nevertheless, California’s forecast production at 20 million boxes is only 1.2 million boxes below last year’s production.

Orange Oil Citrus sinensis Harvest: February - May

The latest US Department of Agriculture March forecast for the 2018/2019 Florida crop is 77.0 million boxes of 90-pound (40.8 kg). The forecast remains unchanged since December 2018 but is an impressive 71% jump from the last crop. Positive climatic factors, including the lack of hurricanes and a warm wet summer, combined with good maturation has facilitated this recovery. The non – Valencia production has been reduced to 31 million boxes while the Valencia crop is set to touch 46 million boxes. While Florida’s orange crop forecast has held steady over recent months, projections for some other types of citrus have been scaled back. Total US orange production was estimated to increase year-on-year by almost 40% to 129.1 million boxes, of which California accounted for 49.5 million boxes. These were the first forecasts released since December because of the partial federal government shutdown. The new forecast for oranges remained unchanged from December.

Florida is also expected to produce 5.4 million boxes of grapefruit, down 1 million boxes from December’s estimates, but still 40% higher than the previous year’s crop. Similarly specialty citrus, such as tangelos and tangerines, are forecast at just below 1 million boxes but still 27% higher than last year’s hurricane affected crop. The figures, down overall from the season’s first forecast in October, continue to be an improvement on the 49.58 million boxes of oranges, grapefruit and other citrus harvested during the 2017-18 season, when the industry sustained heavy damage from Hurricane Irma. According to charlottecounty.floridaweekly.com the current forecast is also an improvement on the 2016-17 season, which produced a decades-low estimate of 68.7 million boxes of oranges.

Cajeput Oil Melaleuca cajuputi Harvest: All Year

This oil has great demand in the domestic market, but the quality available falls short of meeting international parameters. It is a challenge to find a trusted supplier of 100% pure and natural oil.

Cassia Oil Cinnamomum cassia Harvest: July - December

Cassia has plunged to its nadir, with prices touching rock bottom.