Lemon Oil Citrus limon (L.) Burm. F. Harvest: May - July

The 2020/2021 crop ended at a much higher volume than originally projected. The fresh lemon production was revised upwards to 1.8 million metric tonnes (MMT) which was an increase of over 56% from the USDA original estimate. Because of severe drought during the spring of 2020/2021, the size of lemons was expected to be smaller, and volumes were expected to be 30% less than the previous crop because the lack of rain affected fruit setting and growth. However, timely rain falls during the summer allowed lemon trees to recuperate, and the new estimate for 2020/2021 production increased to 1.80 MMT from 1.03 MMT.

The USDA is reporting that the 2021/2022 fresh lemon production forecast is for 1.65 MMT, down 150,000 MT from the previous marketing year when production was estimated at unexpectedly high levels. A lower crop is expected because of an alternate bearing off season, which means that because last crop was a bumper crop, this year will be less. Lemon for processing will also be less because of lower production.

The first early exports figures of Argentinian lemons show 29.2% less fruit is certified compared to the same period in 2021, pointing to a clear delay in the beginning of the lemon campaign. Although there is an 88% increase to Europe, the stats show a drop of 25% in exports to Russia, 66% less to the USA, and 72% less to other destinations up to week 17 compared to the same time last season. Early lemon exports to Latin America increased by 42%. These first export statistics were released by the Citrus Growers Association of the Argentine Northwest (Acnoa), based in Tucuman.

USDA ESTIMATED ARGENTINIAN LEMON PRODUCTION, SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION 2017/18 TO 2021/22 (‘000 MT)

Buddawood Oil Eremophila mitchellii Harvest: March - October

There is low demand for this oil but supply is consistent. The fragrance industry is a major consumer of Buddha wood oil.

Lemon Myrtle Oil Backhousia citriodora Harvest: June - August

The usage of this oil is growing considerably. A steady production and processing cycle is undertaken in Australia.

Sandalwood Oil - Northern Queensland Santalum spicatum Harvest: March - October

The market is stable. There has been reduced demand. However as travel restrictions have decreased, fine fragrance business is expected to pick up, thereby increasing demand for sandalwood oil.

Tea Tree Oil Melaleuca alternifolia Harvest: May - November

As mentioned in the detailed report on the floods in Australia this crop has been heavily affected. Almost 50 percent of the crop has been destroyed in NSW area. It can be assumed that out of the entire crop destroyed, around 30 percent of the farms may exit the tea tree plantation cycle and stop being a part of the tea tree oil business.

Shortage of tea tree production this year will consolidate the global tea tree oil market and will change the long-term market scenario.

Eucalyptus Oil Citriodora Eucalyptus Citriodora Harvest: May - November

High fuel prices have increased transportation costs. This in turn has impacted production costs, leading to an adjustment in the oil price.

Orange Oil CP Citrus sinensis Harvest: July - December

The 2022-2023 initial orange crop forecast for the São Paulo and West-Southwest Minas Gerais citrus belt, published on May 26, 2022 by Fundecitrus and its partners, is 316.95 million boxes (M. boxes). The projected volume is 20.53% higher than the previous crop, which totalled 262.97 M. boxes.

Total orange production includes:
–  59.48 M. boxes of the Hamlin, Westin and Rubi varieties;
–  17.52 M. boxes of the Valencia Americana, Seleta, Pineapple and BRS Alvorada;
–  93.95 M. boxes of the Pera Rio variety;
–  106.78 M. boxes of the Valencia and Valencia Folha Murcha varieties;
–  39.22 M. boxes of the Natal variety.

Approximately 22.99 M. boxes are expected to be produced in the Triangulo Mineiro.

The prospect of a better crop indicated that groves could recover from adverse weather including the  rought and frost that took place in 2020 and 2021 and caused two consecutive small crops, resulting in a discontinued biennial bearing cycle characterized by the yearly alternation of large and small crops.

Owing to better climate conditions, most orange trees in the citrus planted area show good fruit load and heavier oranges than those in the last crops, at the same development stage. This positive scenario as compared to the previous crop season should remain until this crop season ends. For that reason the projected orange weight at harvest is 158 grams, which is 10.5% above the average weight of 143 grams observed last crop season, and the final fruit size is projected at 258 fruits per 40.8 kilogram box.

Average yield this crop season is estimated at 920 boxes per hectare and 1.86 boxes per tree as compared to the 760 boxes per hectare and 1.58 boxes per tree harvested in the 2021-2022 crop. The average number of fruits per tree, without considering the drop that occurs throughout the season, is estimated at 668, which represents an increase of 4.5% in relation to the previous crop.

The projected average drop rate is 20%. The main reason for this projection is the increased incidence of orange trees with citrus greening symptoms. Other reasons include problems with fruit borers, fruit flies, black spot and leprosis.

Citrus greening has been found in 22% of Brazil’s main producing regions, up from 17% four years earlier. The disease is expanding because of lack of crop treatments, weather and rising resistance from growers to cut down infected trees that are still producing.

Because of the increase in the crop size, the number of fruits for processing will increase. 

 CITRUS BELT ORANGE CROP FORECAST BY VARIETY

Lavender Oil Lavandula angustifolia Harvest: July

The market is stable, but it is too early to predict the upcoming yield, though a lot lot of lavender fields have been replaced by wheat. The war in Ukraine has resulted in a significant rise in wheat price, and farmers are finding it a lucrative option. Lavender fields have gone down almost 45 percent in the last year. The oil price hitting a historical low in the last 30 months has resulted in farmers’ interest dwindling. This will impact the supply, and with rising production costs, oil price is expected to rise. Currently, conventional lavender is being sold at Euro 57/kg, and organic lavender at Euro 69/kg.

Melissa Oil Melissa officinalis Harvest: July

Majority of melissa fields have been terminated by farmers. Those with long-term contracts are the only ones still producing the crop. The market for the oil is slow.

Rose Oil Rosa damascena Harvest: May - June

In comparison to earlier years, the yield is significantly lower. Rose petal availability is also limited. Harvest season was delayed by 15 days, due to cold weather conditions. All these factors combined will bring down production levels. At the same time production costs will go up as a result of inflation, and rising expenses on fuel, electricity and wages. Price of rose blossoms has increased due to limited availability of field workers. Also, certain fields were neglected due to the low-price last year. The market has bounced back after COVID-19.

Chlorpyrifos residual in rose flowers impacts the quality of oil produced. EU and North America have banned the chemical. Thus, it renders any oil with chlorpyrifos unsellable. Sellers are conducting regular pesticide analysis on plants to negate the chemical impact.

Cassia Oil Cinnamomum cassia Harvest: May - July, October - December

The global economic recession could impact the demand for cassia oil in 2022- 23. It is early to predict yield for the season, as the harvest commenced just a couple of weeks ago. Currently, the oil price is stable.

Citronella Oil Cymbopogon winterianus Harvest: June - December

Production has reduced as a result of declining domestic crude oil prices. Crude oil transactions in border areas have significantly gone down. This is because epidemic control measures have been enforced in the primary producing areas in Yunnan. Farmers are holding onto the stock, anticipating a rise in price.

Eucalyptus Citriodora Corymbia citriodora Harvest: June - October

Farmers are refusing to distil oil, due to the low-price trend in the market, though there are significant inquires about the oil.

Eucalyptus globulus Eucalyptus globulus

Crude oil trade has now entered the offseason. Distillation in many areas was impacted by the forest fire prevention measures in Yunnan province. Crude oil price has gone down. Farmers are unwilling to sell small quantities produced at this low price.

Geranium Oil Pelargonium graveolens Harvest: May - September

There is low demand for the oil in the market, resulting in limited turnover. The production season is about to commence.

Ginger Oil Zingiber officinale Harvest: January - April

Constant rise in freight price, and epidemic control measures have impacted sales volumes to a certain extent, though oil supply remains stable.

Litsea Cubeba Oil Litsea cubeba Harvest: July - September

Production volumes for Hunan province will only be known in July. On the other hand, afforestation in Yunnan, and strict control of mountain closure may impact fruit collections, reducing the output. Currently, stock of litsea cubeba has run out.

Star Anise Oil Illicium verum Harvest: March - May, November - December

Oil supply has been hit by the epidemic. Leaves are also not available, and the production season has concluded. As a result, the oil price has fallen. Some stocks are available with farmers, but they are waiting for the price to go up.

Wintergreen Oil Gaultheria procumbens Harvest: July - September

Strict measures are in place to prevent forest fires. While small quantities of new oil are accessible, large volumes of crude will become available gradually. At present, 500 kgs of oil are being produced weekly. The market is slow, and farmers are biding their time waiting for the price to increase.

Fir Needle Tyrol Oil Abies balsamea Harvest: March - September

Demand for the oils has remained consistent, though supplies have been hit due to the ongoing Russia-Ukraine war. This has resulted in a price escalation.

Thuja Oil Thuja orientalis

Raw material cost has increased.

Basil Oil Holy Ocimum sanctum Harvest: November - February

It is impossible to predict the quality of oil produced during the season. This is primarily because the herbage is dependent on various factors, which are difficult to control. The crop season is in winters between December and March.

Cardamom Oil Elettaria cardamomum Harvest: September - December

At present the crop is looking good, though the best period for oil yield is between August and December. The crop season starts anywhere between June and July and culminates in February. During this period pods are plucked five times.

Carrot Seed Oil Daucus carota

There was consistent demand last season, but an unstable crop. Unlike last season, there is a healthy and constant supply of crop. Harvest began in May and will conclude in August.

Coffee Arabica CO2 Coffea arabica L. Harvest: November - January

The strong earthy and oriental notes of coffee have made it a popular product in the flavour and fragrance industry. The harvest season is over and the crop is healthy. The arabica variety was harvested between November and January, the robusta harvest began in December and concluded in April.

Davana Oil Artemisia Pallens Harvest: February - April

The oil is mostly produced depending on confirmed orders. Low and constantly diminishing yield has resulted in extremely high prices in the last few years. As a result, farmer interest in the crop has reduced. The ketone content in davana has dropped from 50% to 30-35%. Currently, the harvest season is in progress, and the crop is stable.

Frankincense Oil Boswellia serrata

There is a healthy demand for the oil in aromatherapy and home care industries. The resins and oil are both sought after by the pharmaceutical and fragrance industry. The crop was harvested in November, and the produce was good. Frankincense is generally grown in north, central and south-west parts of India.

Ginger Oil Zingiber officinale Harvest: January - April

Farmers are demanding higher prices and have halted selling dried new material. Even after a 20% increase in growing area, yield is low. Heavy rainfall in Karnataka has also adversely impacted the arrival of raw material in India. The prevailing conditions could lead to a rise in aflatoxin and black fungus in crops.

Jasmine Absolute Jasminum sambac & Jasminum grandiflorum

It has been a disappointing season with very low yield. This has massively impacted the price.

Juniper Berry Juniperus communis

Traditionally, India has imported most of its juniper berry requirements from Pakistan. This has led to a fluctuating price cycle for the product. Himachal Pradesh is the only producer of juniper berry in India. Constant attempts have been made to increase production area and volume locally. It has started to yield results, and local supply has been boosted. The harvest season for juniper berry concludes in November. This year the produce was good.

Lemongrass Oil Cymbopogon citratus Harvest: July - November

A good crop has resulted in a stable market for the oil. Every 60 days the product is harvested. The last cycle concluded in May, and the next is expected in July.

Mentha Arvensis Oil Mentha Arvensis Harvest: July - December

The crop should ideally reach the levels of 2021, or fall just marginally short. While sowing in some areas is expected to be lower than original information, farmers can cover the yield with proper irrigation. Hot weather conditions are prompting faster growth, and transplantation after wheat harvest should be able to make up for the shortage. The price could fluctuate both ways. A good harvest could see a reduction of USD 0.5/kg. But rising fuel costs could increase synthetic menthol price and in turn Indian arvensis.

Mentha Piperita Oil Mentha piperita

In 2021, certification bodies in India faced bans and restrictions. This put the organic oil industry in turmoil. All products and producers had to undergo stringent tests and technical evaluations from scratch. As a result, the oils produced are expected to be safer and purer. Suppliers passing the tests are producing large volumes of organic mint oils.

Palmarosa Oil Cymbopogon martini Harvest: January - June

The previous harvest cycle resulted in a promising crop. This has kept the price in check, and the trend is expected to continue.

Peppermint Oil Mentha piperita Harvest: April - July

There is a healthy crop and market for the oil is stable. This is the primary season for the crop, and it is currently in progress. Global demand for the oil is stable. Locally, demand is holding steady, even though buyers expect a rise in price. Sowing is expected to go down from the levels of last year. This has resulted in a 20% price rise from 2021. Till the end of the season, the price will hold, though it could go up once the season is over.

Spearmint Oil Mentha spicata Harvest: July - August

With the market being busy with peppermint and arvensis purchases, it is a good time to accumulate spearmint stocks. The crop in 2022 was better than last year. This is expected to bring the price down.

Star Anise Oil Illicium verum Harvest: September - November

Limited quantities of the oil are produced as per market demand. Star anise is grown in spring, though most requirements are imported from China. A large portion is consumed by the flavour industry, while some importers also further export the fruit. Star anise is native to southern China and northern Vietnam. The fruit is a major part of local cuisine in these regions. In India, only Arunachal Pradesh has a conducive climate and soil conditions to propagate star anise.

Turmeric Root Oil Curcuma longa Harvest: March - May

Raw materials with high curcumin levels will get exhausted by the end of June. In comparison to 2021, there has been a 5% increase in farm productivity, and 10% increase in cultivation area. Harvest season is in progress in India. While the activity has been completed in Karnataka, it is ongoing in Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra. A global slowdown has resulted in decreasing export demand, and negatively impacted the price of turmeric. Though in comparison to last year, price of the product has risen.

Vetivert Oil Vetiveria zizanoides Harvest: All Year

The varieties produced in the south of India enjoy heavier demand. The harvest season for the varieties in north and central India is between January and March. It has been a good crop season. Price depends on the demand of the different varieties by industries like tobacco, perfumery and flavour.

Citronella Oil Cymbopogon winterianus Harvest: October - February

Oil price has gone up due to a reduced supply.

Clove Oil Eugenia caryophyllata Harvest: May - September

The oil price is stable.

Nutmeg Oil Myristica fragrans Houtt. Harvest: All Year

There has been a reduction in oil supply. This has led to a rise in price.

Patchouli Oil Pogostemon cablin Harvest: All Year

The upcoming festival season in Indonesia could prompt farmers to prematurely harvest the crop. This will impact the quality of the oil produced. Increased expenses during the festival are the reason farmers could take this decision. Currently, the price of the oil is stable. 

Bergamot Oil Citrus bergamia Harvest: November - March

There is heavy demand for the oil, and the available stock will be exhausted soon. A favourable summer, which is not too hot and dry, is essential for a good flowering season. Though decent, the earlier flowering period was delayed. The next crop cycle will commence in October. By September an idea on the upcoming crop size will be available.

Coriander Seed Oil Corriandrum sativum L. Harvest: July - August

The Russian invasion of Ukraine has made it a high-risk proposition to secure oil from Russia. Several financial and logistical bottlenecks are in effect. But, overcoming the challenges, coriander oil has been successfully exported from Russia.

Whether they are distilled locally or outside the Russian borders, there is no alternative to Russian coriander seeds. It is a vital compounding ingredient in many flavours and fragrances. Thus, despite the political climate, Russian coriander seed oil continues to command significant demand in the market.

While export challenges are expected to persist for the coming months, sowing preparation for the upcoming crop are in place. Despite sanctions on Russia, exporters are formulating long-term plans with respect to oil prices.

In March, the falling value of the Russian ruble made it feasible for distillers looking to export oil. But, with control measures put in place, and countries in the European Union making ruble payments for gas and oil, the of the Russian currency has improved. This, in turn, has impacted coriander seed oil prices. They are at an all time high.

Blue Tansy Oil Tanacetum annuum Harvest: August - October

There has been a decline in demand in the last few years. Lack of rains will likely impact the yield in 2022, and it is expected to be short. The market for the oil remains stable.

Cedarwood Oil Atlas Cedrus atlantica Harvest: All Year

There is significant demand for the oil. April to October is the season for the new crop. Currently, the market is stable.

Neroli Oil Citrus bigaradia Harvest: April - May

The flowering period witnessed rain and cold weather conditions. Due to this, the 2022 yield has fallen by 20%.

Rosemary Oil Rosmarinus officinalis Harvest: All Year

Delayed rain and snowfall in growing areas will impact the upcoming crop. It could fall short by 30-40%.

Wild Chamomile Ormenis mixta (L.) Dumort Harvest: May

Due to deficient rainfall, the crop is expected to be short. A fresh crop will be available between end of June and early July.

Cabreuva Oil Myrocarpus frondosus Harvest: All Year

Production volumes are capable of meeting current demand.

Guaiacwood Oil Bulnesia Sarmientoi Harvest: All Year

Between June and July the Cites export quota for 2022 will be fixed. The quota for 2021 is about to end. Concrete offers can only be made once the Cites export quota is released.

Petitgrain Oil Citrus aurantium ssp. Harvest: All Year

There is limited oil stock. While the production volumes were good, high demand prevented accumulation of inventory. High freight prices and heavy internal demand has also impacted export prices. Since January there has been a weekly increase in oil prices locally.

Eucalyptus Oil Radiata Eucalyptus Radiata Harvest: August - October

Supply is expected to be in sync with demand. This even after crops being damaged by flooding in radiate producing areas. The first half of the year witnessed excessive rainfall.

Eucalyptus Smithii Oil Eucalyptus smithii Harvest: July - October

The second half of the year could see a rise in the demand for the oil. Currently, there is limited demand in the market.

Tagette Oil Tagetes erecta Harvest: June - August

Supply is expected to meet the oil demand. Excessive rainfall has resulted in low crop yield in certain areas. This year the harvest period has been extended to late autumn-early winter due to varied weather patterns in the growing areas.

Tea Tree Oil Melaleuca alternifolia Harvest: October - January

Demand fluctuations have been observed in the market post COVID. It is being monitored by growers as everyone adapts to these changes. For both varieties, organic and conventional, the supply is strong.

Lemon Oil Citrus limon (L.) Burm. F. Harvest: November - July

The European lemon production forecast is for a 9% lower crop size compared to the last harvest because of unfavourable weather in the two main producing countries of Spain and Italy. Lemon for processing will also be less because of the lower harvest.

Spain has slightly reduced its lemon production forecast for the 2021/2022 season, pushing it down even further from the levels of the previous season.

AILIMPO’s third forecast of the season pegged total volumes at 990,000 metric tones (MT). That is down slightly from the original forecast of 1,035 million metric tonnes (MMT), and significantly lower than the final 2020-21 crop of 1,340 MMT.

Production forecasts of the predominant Fino variety were cut from 820,000 MT to 800,000 MT. In the previous season volumes reached 980,000 MT.

The Verna variety, meanwhile, is set to see production of 190,000 MT, compared to preseason forecasts of 215,000 MT and last season’s production of 360,000 MT.

“The Fino lemon season will continue to develop in the first four months of 2022, although with a progressive reduction in fruit availability,” AILIMPO said. “For Limon Verna, a native Spanish variety, the forecast finally points to a harvest of 190,000 MT in 2022, which will mean a sharp reduction compared to the volumes of 2021, with a planned start of marketing during the month of April.” Between 20% and 25% of the harvest is destined for processing, an industry in which Spain is the second largest producer, with a wide range of juices, essential oil and dehydrated peel. 

SPAIN: FRESH LEMON PRODUCTION (MT)

Cinnamon Bark Oil Cinnamomum zeylanicum Harvest: May - December

Due to the chaotic situation in the country, hefty stocks of raw material are unavailable. In fact, raw material costs have gone up by 30% due to the rising inflation levels. This has massively impacted production and logistics. It is advisable to enter into long term contracts over spot purchases. Exports of all natural ingredients have been impacted. Fuel shortage, import restrictions, and limited vessel availability for exports have all resulted in long lead times. Cinnamon season though, kicked off in April.

Cinnamon Leaf Oil Cinnamomum zeylanicum Harvest: March - August

Logistical challenges and rising production costs have become a major bottleneck and made export unviable. The considerable depression of the Sri Lankan rupee is the only relief for exporters. Looking at the situation, spot purchases should be avoided, and buyers should either stock up or enter contractual agreements. Price of the oil in the local market has strengthened, even as the end of Q1 witnessed the usual fall in price.

Citronella Oil Cymbopogon nardus Harvest: May - December

Growing demand for Ceylon citronella, and a massive rise in inflation locally, has resulted in the oil price rising from previous quarter.

Clove Bud Oil Eugenia caryophyllata Harvest: January - February

New crop is not expected before December 2022. This will deter fall in oil price.

Clove Stem Oil Eugenia caryophyllata Harvest: January - February

Price is expected to remain firm, since fresh crop is only expected in December 2022.

Nutmeg Oil Myristica fragrans Houtt. Harvest: February - May

New crop is only expected in the second half of the year. The yield in December was insignificant for BWP grade nutmeg. This quality is required for oil production, and thus prices have failed to come down.

Laurel Leaf Oil Laurus nobilis Harvest: January - April

Turkish laurel leaf oil commands a heavy global demand. The crop is stable and harvest is expected to commence between September and November. There are no fluctuations in the demand and supply of the oil.

Oregano Oil Origanum vulgare Harvest: July - September

It is an evergreen crop and grows through the year. Thus, the raw material supply has been constant and good. For the past three years Turkey has been the biggest exporter of oregano oil. It also holds the biggest market share among the flavour and seasoning companies in Europe and USA. In terms of price, there are no fluctuations in the market for the oil and raw material.

Rose Oil Rosa damascena Harvest: April - June

Demand and supply of the oil are balanced. During winters the harvest is tricky and reduces in volume. Otherwise, there is a constant supply of the crop. In comparison to Bulgarian rose oil, the Turkish variety is cheaper. There is a significant demand for the oil from the Middle East and European cosmetic and fragrance industry.

Grapefruit Oil Citrus paradisi Harvest: December - April

USA grapefruit production is expected to be 9.4 M. boxes. The forecast for all Florida grapefruit production is 3.30 M. boxes. The distribution comprises 2.8 M boxes of red and 500,000 boxes of white. California grapefruit remains at 4.1 M. boxes, while the Texas grapefruit forecast tumbled from 2.4 M. boxes in 2020/2021 to 2.0 M. boxes in the June 2022 forecast.

USA ESTIMATED GRAPEFRUIT PRODUCTION 2019/2020 TO JUNE 2022 FORECAST (‘000 BOXES)

Lemon Oil Citrus limon (L.) Burm. F. Harvest: May - July

Arizona lemon production is expected to increase. The June USDA forecast for 2021/22 stands at 1.5 M. boxes, up from 750,000 boxes final production in 2020/21. The forecast for California lemon production rose from 20.1 M. boxes in 2020/2021 season to 23 M. boxes. Because of the larger crop, lemons for processing are expected to be higher.

USA ESTIMATED LEMON PRODUCTION 2019/2020 TO JUNE 2022 FORECAST (‘000 BOXES)

Orange Oil Citrus sinensis Harvest: February - May

According to the USDA June 2022 forecast, USA orange 2021-2022 production is forecast at 92.35 million boxes (M. boxes). The forecast consists of 40.7 M. boxes of Florida oranges, 24% down compared to last season’s revised final production; 51.3 M. boxes of California oranges; and 350,000 boxes of Texas oranges.

The Florida orange total forecast is comprised of 18.2 M. boxes of non-Valencia oranges. The Navel forecast, included in the non-Valencia portion of the forecast, is 490,000 boxes, 3% of the non-Valencia total. The non-Valencia harvest is over for the season. The forecast for the Valencia orange production has been increased from the previous forecast to 22.5 M. boxes. The California orange total forecast is comprised of 43.0 M. boxes of non-Valencia oranges, and 8.3 M. boxes of Valencia oranges, while Texas accounts for 250,000 boxes of non-Valencia oranges and 100,000 boxes of Valencia oranges.

Florida’s orange crop is about a quarter of what it was in 2005, when the plant disease known as citrus greening was found in the state’s groves. The disease has steadily destroyed plantings and caused billions of dollars in losses including jobs. According to Judy Ganes, a consultant who has followed the industry for about three decades, Florida will face difficulties turning around its citrus production. Trees desperately need nutrients and yet fertiliser prices are rising quickly, and the upcoming hurricane season is expected to bring about average activity, increasing risks to farmers. It will be a tremendous challenge to bring back output.

The last hurricane to cause major, widespread damage to Florida’s citrus industry was Irma five years ago, in September 2017. But growers should stay on alert this year, because Colorado State University (CSU) researchers are predicting an active Atlantic hurricane season in 2022. The team predicts that 2022 hurricane activity will be about 130% of the average season from 1991 to 2020.

Since Florida processes about 90% of their crop, the lower production volume will affect the supply of juice and orange oil and other by-products.

Particularly with the orange oil, the very small crop in Florida, a small crop in Brazil, combined with just average crops in many other producing regions has resulted in not enough orange oil to satisfy normal demand. These low volumes at source, combined with frequent delays in steamer shipments are pushing the prices for orange oil to historical highs.

USA ESTIMATED ORANGE PRODUCTION 2019/2020 TO JUNE 2022 FORECAST (‘000 BOXES)