Boton de Oro Oil Melampodium divaricatum

This oil comes with a nice artichoke undertone. For the last few years it has not been available in the market but it has now made a comeback. The harvest season for boton de oro is November. It is a popular product for niche fragrances.

Douglas Fir Oil Pseudotsuga menziesii Harvest: March - April

The Argentine variety is popular in USA for its unique and refined nature. It is a popular product for the aromatherapy industry and is also being used now for fine fragrances in Europe. 2023 production has commenced and is expected to be in the range of 1 MT. This will exceed the 2020-2022 volume of 0.5 MT but will be lower than the 1.4 MT produced in 2019. The addition of a new distillery is responsible for the higher production volume.

Lemon Oil Citrus limon (L.) Burm. F. Harvest: May - July

Argentina lemon production is forecast at 1.770 million metric tonnes (MMT), down 130,000 MT from the prior year as a result of drought. The drought is expected to continue through the Southern Hemisphere summer of 2023 due in part to the third La Niña weather pattern in a row.

Lemon production takes place principally in Tucuman, Salta and Jujuy, with some minor production in northeast Argentina. Over the past few years, lemon growers in northwest Argentina have expanded planted area. Tree removal and replanting have been increasing the plant-per-hectare ratio and improving production efficiency and yields. For 2022/2023, the lemon planted area is forecast at 52,000 hectares, up 1,000 hectares from the prior year.

Lower available supplies reduce consumption, exports, and fruit for processing, which is projected to decrease to 1.4 MMT, compared to 1.49 MMT in 2021/2022.

Argentina’s fresh lemon exports are forecast at 235,000 MT in 2022/2023, down 25,000 MT from the previous season. Argentine lemon exports continue to face strong competition from Turkey and South Africa, which offer the European Union (EU) market higher-quality fresh fruit. During January–September 2022, the EU remained the largest export destination for Argentine fresh lemons with a 45% share, followed by the United States with a 21% share and Russia with an 18% share.

Argentina experienced a crop shortage during its 2013/2014 lemon season, leading to a huge reduction in global supply for essential oil markets. This crop shortage created a market gap that was quickly filled by other nations looking to expand and promote their own lemon production. With Argentina’s lemon production fully recovered, the new harvests from other origins have resulted in a global oversupply of lemon material.

Recent above average crop sizes in Argentina have left high inventory levels of lemon oil. In addition, processors are using a more efficient processing method with higher yield to produce lemon oil resulting in more supply.

Because of the higher crop sizes and the more efficient processing methods, the price of lemon oil has remained soft for the past couple of years and the current price for lemon oil is not sustainable for processors.

Due to current socio-economic conditions in Argentina (increased production costs, currency inflation, rising interest rates, labour issues among others) many farmers have switched away from lemon production, converting their fields to more profitable crops such as sugarcane. However, this will result in less supply in the future and the price of lemon oil will increase.

Paramela Oil Adesmia Boronioides

This product is almost exclusively used by a South American perfumery giant. They produce approximately 50 kg/yr. With a new mobile distillation process, the volume is expected to touch 200-300 kg/yr. Good quantities of oil are in stock to meet any new buyer demands. The oil is used for fine fragrances, cosmetics, and sensitive skin formulations.

Pichi Pichi Oil Fabiana imbricata

Harvest season for Fabiana will commence in November. The product gained popularity when perfumers were awarded on the global stage for using Fabiana as a source of innovation in perfumes. It is traditionally a medicinal plant from Patagonia, but is utilised in fine fragrances. Due to growing demand, its wild harvest increased to 50-100 kgs last year.

Pinus Ponderosa Oil Pinus ponderosa Harvest: April, June

The aromatherapy industry is a major consumer of Pinus ponderosa oil, but the fragrance market is slowly getting fascinated by this product. It is obtained from the needles of the conifer tree. Production volumes for 2023 are expected to be higher than 2022, and in the range of 0.5-1 . The production season will commence in April. The addition of a new distillery will help increase production.

Senecio Neaei Oil Senecio vulgaris

The harvest season for senecio will begin in November. The annual production is in the range of 50 kgs. After missing from the market for the last few years, the oil has made a comeback. It is primarily used for niche fragrances.

Buddawood Oil Eremophila mitchellii Harvest: March - October

Demand and supply are balanced, which has kept the price in check. Timber is being stocked, and production can be increased if demand goes up.

Eucalyptus Olida Oil Eucalyptus olida Harvest: February - April

This is a unique ingredient for the fragrance industry. It has a fruity strawberry-like note. There is a steady demand for the oil. New product with 80% methyl cinnamate concentration is available in the market. Small volumes are being produced and stocks have gone down.

Eucalyptus Radiata Oil Eucalyptus radiata Harvest: April - November

There is limited supply of this oil. With depleting stocks, the price of the oil has gone up.

Manuka Oil Leptospermum scoparium Harvest: All Year

This oil has been known for its antibacterial properties. There has been increasing usage in the cosmetics industry as well. Demand for this oil has been increasing. There is sufficient product available in the market. The quality available is +20% mbk (methyl butyl ketone). The oil price is also stable.

Sandalwood Oil - Northern Queensland Santalum spicatum Harvest: March - October

Production is holding steady and meeting current market demand. The next harvest cycle is in 2023. Oil in stock is limited.

Tea Tree Oil Melaleuca alternifolia Harvest: May - November

Demand for tea tree oil from Australia has been stable. There is large production of this oil in other origins. This was due to the fact that floods destroyed this crop for the last two years. Harvest operations had been delayed due to persistent bad weather. Industry estimates the production of this crop reduced to almost half of the original forecast. Prices seem to be stable.

Orange Oil CP Citrus sinensis Harvest: July - December

The Agricultural Trade Office (ATO)/ São Paulo forecasts the total Brazilian orange crop for marketing year 2022/2023 (July/June) at 405 million 40.8 kg boxes (M. boxes), equal to 16.524 million metric tonnes (MMT).

This is a reduction of 2% relative to the current season (marketing year 2021/2022) due to unfavourable

weather during the second bloom resulting in a reduced fruit set. Meanwhile, Fundecitrus’ February updated estimate for the 2022/2023 citrus production for the São Paulo and the western Minas Gerais citrus belt placed production at 316.23 M. boxes, (an increase of 0.7% compared to the December forecast). This increase is mainly due to the production of the Pera Rio variety, whose harvest is close to the end with higher-than-expected yield.

The orange production forecast for the state of São Paulo and the western part of Minas Gera includes:

• • 58.04 M. boxes of Hamlin, Westin and Rubi (unchanged compared to the December forecast)
  • 16.69 M. boxes of other early season (decreased by 0.9%)
  • 96.35 M. boxes of Pera Rio (increased by 2.6%)
  • 106.17 M. boxes of Valencia and Valencia Folha Murcha (increased by 0.5%)
  • 38.98 M. boxes of Natal (decreased of by 1.6%)

The average rainfall that accumulated within the citrus belt between May and November 2022 was 30% below average, affecting the beginning of the crop season. This scenario changed at the end of November 2022, with heavy rains in December 2022 and January 2023 amounting to half of the rainfall that has been registered since May 2022. These heavy rains that occurred in the last two months could have further expanded the crop yield, since they contributed to the growth and weight increase of oranges. However, the highly frequent and intense rainfall also significantly intensified the premature fruit drop, offsetting the positive effect of weight gain. This was especially true for the late varieties, as most of these cultivars had not been harvested when the heavy rains started. The updated crop forecast still remains 0.2% lower than the initial projections, disclosed in May 2022.

Brazilian orange juice production is forecast down 1% to 1.1 MMT as fewer oranges are available for processing. Consumption is forecast to be higher as orange juice consumption has been steadily rising, pushing down exports and stocks.

Production of orange oil continues to struggle to meet increased demand. Supply is still very limited because of the lower-than-expected crop size. Processors are still filling contract requirements from the

last two years and there is no carryover inventory. Pricing has remained firm and at a record high, and natural orange derivatives have also started to increase in price as a result. Despite the forecast for higher crop size than the last two years, the price of orange oil remains firm because production costs in Brazil are higher by an estimated 27% compared to the last crop. This is because the cost of fertilisers, energy, and freight, as well as labour costs, have increased.

More trees are affected by greening so the fruits from these trees are below standard quality. In this regard Brazil’s Fundecitrus has participated in a meeting with state and local government representatives to discuss the country’s citrus greening (HLB) situation. Mayors and representatives of city halls expressed concern about the economic and social effects of the disease. They were especially concerned for small citrus growers impacted by the so-called “edge effect”, where HLB-spreading psyllids settle in the first 100 metres of an orchard. Because of the edge effect, the psyllids contaminate a larger portion of the orange trees in smaller groves.

Orange Production for Selected Countries:

Lavender Oil Lavandula angustifolia Harvest: July

Farmers are constantly giving up on lavender fields as they are unable to cover the expenses. Demand for the oil is low, which has impacted the price. Though with production volumes expected to go down next year, the price could rise. Currently, after a good crop season, the supply is sufficient in the market.

Melissa Oil Melissa officinalis Harvest: July

After a typical crop cycle, stock is available in the market.

Rose Oil Rosa damascena Harvest: May - June

While the demand for rose oil continues to rise after COVID, production is unable to pick up pace. The lack of field workers for handpicking roses is a major factor for this. Oil is available in short supply, after a disappointing crop season. Limited quantities have been produced.

Black Spruce Oil Picea mariana Harvest: May - August

High volumes of raw material are produced in the northern regions. There is an abundance of oil in the market, though prices are not responding accordingly and are still high.

Cedar Leaf Oil Thuja occidentalis Harvest: March - October

The situation remains the same. No inventory of the product is available. The production season is over, and shortage of volumes continues.

Fir Needle Oil Abies balsamea Harvest: March - September

It was expected that after Christmas production would increase. However, with increasing levels of snowfall earlier, production has halted. There is a shortage of supply in the market. As a result, oil prices have increased.

Cassia Oil Cinnamomum cassia Harvest: May - July, October - December

The oil production cost for cassia is extremely high and demand for the oil is weak. Spring harvest will commence in May. At present, factories in China have limited stocks and, with the high production costs, prices are expected to hold firm.

Citronella Oil Cymbopogon winterianus Harvest: June - December

Since the easing of border restrictions after COVID, raw material imports from Vietnam and Burma are enough to meet local demand for the product. Farmers have lost interest in citronella and the local crop size is significantly smaller. High labour costs and low market prices have resulted in growing areas reducing over a period.

Eucalyptus globulus Eucalyptus globulus

Eucalyptus ex camphor crop size in Jiangxi and Sichuan provinces is constantly increasing. This is keeping the eucalyptol price down. Farmers in Yunnan are not distilling oil at the current price. This has led to shortage of supply after the harvest from the November to January season. Traders are also unwilling to sell stocks at the low price the oil is fetching in the market. In fact, demand for the oil in the first quarter of 2023 was also low as customers are expecting prices to go down further.

Geranium Oil Pelargonium graveolens Harvest: May - September

The new crop season will commence at the end of March, though the desired quality will only mature by May. Limited supply of carryover stock from last year is available. Cultivation areas for geranium have reduced drastically and been replaced by economically stable crops like grape and garlic. Plantations in mountainous terrains remain since they are not conducive to fruit cultivation. This is due to high labour costs and the low price of crude oil. Farmers are not willing to sell raw materials at the current low prices. Demand for the oil is low and limited trade is taking place. Thus, price is holding steady.

Ginger Oil Zingiber officinale Harvest: January - April

The local Chinese market. Due to COVID restrictions being placed in the country, the price has witnessed a massive spike between November and February. This price trend is expected to continue in the coming months.  Compared to last year, growing area for ginger roots decreased 35-40%.

Litsea Cubeba Oil Litsea cubeba Harvest: July - September

The next crop season will commence in July. The demand for the oil is low in the market. Suppliers have stocks to meet demand till June.

Magnolia Flower Oil Magnolia alba Harvest: February - June

Buyers are advised to stock up on the product now. The next harvest season will commence soon but oil production volumes are expected to go down from last year. This is because the growing area has reduced, as well as plants being cut down. There is already a shortage of the product in the market. Tea companies are massive consumers of magnolia. The price of these two products is already on the rise and is expected to increase further after the next harvest.

Osmanthus Oil Concrete Osmanthus fragrans Harvest: September - November

Limited stock is available in the market. Next harvest season will only commence after September. Suppliers are not confident of a good season due to unfavourable weather conditions. This product is also popular among the tea industry in China. The price of osmanthus concrete and absolute have gone up in the last couple of weeks. This upward price trend is expected to continue for the coming months.

Star Anise Oil Illicium verum Harvest: March - May, November - December

The crop season is about to end. Farmers are not willing to distil at the current low price. Production volumes for oil will decline this season.

Tea Tree Oil Melaleuca alternifolia Harvest: May - August

Tea tree plantation areas reduced last year, and trees were cut for distilling the oil. This will lead to a shortage of the product this year. While demand for the oil is limited, the price is holding steady. It is expected to gradually increase in the coming months. It is advisable for buyers to stock the product now.

Turpentine Oil Pinus species

The market is volatile currently. The situation has been the same since December and is expected to continue in the short term. This is resulting in a gradual fall in price.

Valerian Root Oil Valeriana wallichii Harvest: September - October

Chinese pharmaceutical companies mostly consume valerian root oil. Only small plantations grow valerian root, and the area has decreased this year. No new oil is expected in the market in 2023. Last year’s carryover stock is sufficient to meet demand, which is extremely weak. Price of valerian root oil touched its lowest levels in the last two years. Currently, the oil price is stable.

Wintergreen Oil Gaultheria procumbens Harvest: July - September

New crop season will commence in May. Due to the high demand and price in 2022 wild wintergreen leaves were overcut. Recovery of the plant takes time, and thus crop size this season is expected to be small. At present, demand is flat and supply is limited as well. The oil price has also come down from its high from last year.

Clary Sage Oil Moldova Salvia sclarea L. Harvest: June - July

The poor crop last year led to an increase in price. However, the demand is stable now, as stock is available in the market. This has resulted in firming prices in the last few months.

Coriander Herb Oil Corriandrum sativum L. Harvest: July - August

The stock is almost over. Only limited quantities are produced globally.

Coriander Seed Oil Corriandrum sativum L. Harvest: July - August

Countries across the globe planted coriander to meet the market demand. Russian coriander is not the only option in the market. The stock is expected to last beyond the summer of 2023.

Dill Weed Oil Anethum graveolens L. Harvest: July - September

Major players have already secured their requirements until next year’s crop cycle. Thus, there is limited demand in the market, though product is available.

Fir Needle Oil Abies sibirica Harvest: November - December

Before sanctions on Russia came into effect, decent quantities of oil were exported out. Thus, premium quality fir needle oil is available in the market. But the price of this oil has firmed at a high level. However, varieties like Abies sibirica Ledeb from other countries are also available in the market.

Laurel Leaf Oil Laurus nobilis

There is ample stock in the market, though there is silence on the demand front.

Lavender Oil Moldova Lavandula angustifolia Harvest: September

Global buyers have reduced their inventories. On the other hand, there is excess stock with producers. This has put pressure on the oil price, which has plummeted.

Oregano Oil Origanum vulgare Harvest: July - August

Market supply is sufficient to cover demand until the next crop cycle. Demand for the product is strong and the price remains stable.

Sage Oil Salvia sclarea Harvest: June - July

During last year’s harvest production costs were high, though price for the oil remains stable. Stock is available in the market.

Thuja Oil Thuja orientalis

There is decent supply in the market. The price is stable.

Basil Oil Ocimum basilicum Harvest: March - October

There is limited supply in the market as the price has increased dramatically.

Chamomile Blue Oil Matricaria chamomilla Harvest: March - May

The new production season will commence soon. At present the market is stable, though raw material price is expected to be high.

Cumin Seed Oil Cuminum cyminum L. Harvest: May - June

Raw material availability is an issue. Until the next crop cycle in May 2023 the price is expected to remain high. At present the price has increased exponentially.

Geranium Oil Pelargonium graveolens Harvest: June - July

There is good supply in the market, but the demand is limited. With speculators in play, the price has gone up.

Jasmine Absolute Jasminum grandiflorum L. Harvest: June - November

There is good supply in the market.

Marjoram Oil Origanum majorana Harvest: August - September

The cultivation area for this product is limited. This has resulted in a price rise.

Neroli Oil Citrus aurantium var. amara Harvest: March - April

The new season of production commenced in March. There is sufficient stock in the market.

Black Pepper Oil Piper nigrum L. Harvest: December - February

Farmers are moving away from pepper due to unpredictable weather. With this, the area under cultivation has declined. Production volumes are expected to reduce in 2023 and settle somewhere in the range of 53,000 MT. Reduced global demand and imports from other countries have put pressure on Indian pepper prices.

Cardamom Oil Elettaria cardamomum Harvest: September - December

Production volumes are expected to be 10% lower than normal. There is a massive increase in global demand for cardamom. This has led to an increased interest from farmers for the product. Earlier, they had exited the market due to falling prices. The current demand scenario has seen an enormous spike in cardamon prices.

Davana Oil Artemisia Pallens Harvest: February - April

The harvest in Karnataka has been delayed by a month and a 30% crop loss is expected. Rain is responsible for the wilting of crops and delay in harvesting. In Andhra Pradesh, the crop is good, but the vigour is not meeting standards. With temperatures increasing and harvest delayed, the oil yield will also decrease. In Karnataka production volumes are expected in the range of 15 MT/hectare, while Andhra will see yield around 10-12.5 MT/hectare

Frankincense Oil Boswellia serrata

India is the second largest producer of frankincense. There is high demand for both resins and oil. The major consumers are fragrance, aromatherapy and pharmaceutical industries. The current season crop is good and the price is stable.

Ginger Oil Zingiber officinale Harvest: January - April

The harvest season is almost over, and the yield is approximately 15% lower than last year. One of the reasons for this is the low cultivation area in Karnataka. Stock of extraction quality ginger is already exhausted. Low volumes of carryover stock, in addition to low yields, will lead to a shortage of the product in the market. This will result in an increase in price.

Jasmine Absolute Jasminum sambac & Jasminum grandiflorum

There has been continuous rain in the jasmine producing areas of southern India. The fine fragrance industry is a large user of jasmine absolute. The recent harvest produced a low yield so prices may increase.

Peppermint Oil Mentha piperita Harvest: April - July

The demand for Indian peppermint is increasing. India is the leader of global mint production. The crop was good last year and there is a consistent supply of oil. However, there has been a price increase due to increasing demand.

Turmeric Root Oil Curcuma longa Harvest: March - May

The harvest season is ongoing, and market supply has increased. Even though the cultivation area decreased, due to favourable conditions, production is expected to be 1.3 MT, which is comparable to last year. In comparison to demand, supply is extremely high. The addition of fresh stock, along with carryover stock, has increased the market supply of turmeric. This has resulted in the fall of turmeric prices. They are expected to hold firm this month. Depending on international demand, the price may fluctuate further.

Cajeput Oil Melaleuca cajuputi Harvest: All Year

The market for the oil is stable.

Cananga Oil Cananga odorata Harvest: June - August

The demand and supply dynamics for this product is balanced.

Citronella Oil Cymbopogon winterianus Harvest: October - February

There has been low demand for this product. Farmers are choosing to switch to other crops that are more economically beneficial. This trend may reduce the supply volume.

Clove Oil Eugenia caryophyllata Harvest: May - September

Crop size was very small, and production volumes are expected to be almost half of what is received during a good harvest. The quantity of oil produced has reduced significantly. Due to leaves not drying completely, eugenol content was low.

Nutmeg Oil Myristica fragrans Harvest: All Year

Due to heavy rainfall, raw material is not drying completely. There is a considerable fall in oil yield. Despite high demand, supply of this product remains limited. Indonesia remains the primary producer of nutmeg oil in the world, so due to the gap between demand and supply, prices see an upward trend.

Patchouli Oil Pogostemon cablin Harvest: All Year

Oil supply has declined in terms of quality and quantity. Yield has also declined due to harsh weather conditions. For the last few months patchouli oil prices have been volatile, making purchasing decisions complicated. As raw material prices continue to surge, collectors and producers are looking to find an optimum balance.

Vetiver Oil Vetiveria zizanioides Harvest: January - July

Production volumes are extremely low. Currently oil prices have an upward trend.

Clove Bud Oil Eugenia caryophyllata Harvest: January - February

While the expected crop size from the last harvest was 15,000 tonnes, it has fallen to 11,000-12,000. Flooding due to the cyclone has disrupted production. There is limited demand in the market and the price is low.

Lime Oil Citrus aurantifolia Harvest: May - August

Mexico lime production in 2022/2023 is forecast down 5% to 2.8 million metric tonnes (MMT) as higher input costs reduce use and drive down yields. Lower available supplies reduce consumption, exports and fruit for processing.

Mexico’s lime production consists of three main varieties – Persian lime which is 52% of the production, Key lime is 42%, and lemons which are referred to as limes in Mexico are 6%, so the total production and processing mentioned above consist of all three. Lime is grown all year long in Mexico, with peak season occurring in the summer months (May – July).

The area harvested and the number of bearing lime trees are higher than last year, however the crop size is less because of lower yield since growers are applying fewer fertilisers and pesticides as a consequence of over a 200% increase in price for these inputs.

At the same time, limes have been gaining popularity and this has resulted not only in a huge increase in demand for the fresh fruits but also contributed to the substantially higher price. In addition, these conditions have led to a significant decrease in the number of fruits for processing and therefore lime oil has soared to record high prices.

Fresh Mexican Limes: Production, Supply and Distribution (1,000 Metric Tonnes)

Blue Tansy Oil Tanacetum annuum Harvest: August - October

Low quantity of organic blue tansy oil is available in the market. There is limited demand for the oil, thus no production took place in 2022.

Cedarwood Oil Atlas Cedrus atlantica Harvest: All Year

Production volumes are holding steady, though there is low demand for the oil. This has resulted in prices falling.

Neroli Oil Citrus aurantium Harvest: April - May

The upcoming harvest cycle is in March- April. The stocks from the 2022 crop are available in limited quantity.

Rosemary Oil Rosmarinus officinalis Harvest: All Year

The next crop cycle is in June. Due to late rains the current harvest will fall short of expected volumes. Limited stock is available in the market.

Wild Chamomile Ormenis mixta Harvest: May

The next crop will only be available in April. At present, the oil is not in stock.

Cabreuva Oil Myrocarpus frondosus Harvest: All Year

Production levels have been good. There is sufficient supply of oil in the market.

Guaiacwood Oil Bulnesia Sarmientoi Harvest: All Year

The ban on the product in the EU is expected to be lifted between April-May. The quota for 2023 will be fixed in September. The oil will only be available post that.

Petitgrain Oil Citrus aurantium Harvest: All Year

Production in February was slow due to rains and sesame seed harvesting. It is expected to pick up in March to make up for the lost production volumes in October-November. As compared to previous years, last year production in the second half of the year was lower, though December and January witnessed great production levels. The major production season is about to conclude. The primary season starts in mid-October and ends in February. In the other months low levels of production take place.

Due to the severe drought, production volumes will not meet expectations. The price for the oil remains stable.

Lemon Oil Citrus limon (L.) Burm. F. Harvest: November - July

AILIMPO forecast for the 2022/2023 crop season currently estimates a production of 1.011 million metric tonnes (MMT), which is slightly lower from the previous season. This slight reduction is attributed to the excessive rainfall experienced during March and April 2022, which is the flowering stage for lemon trees. Spain is a key citrus and lemon player in the world. It has a large tradition on lemons, especially on the fresh side. Producing for the fresh market guarantees the viability of the producer and means a long term guarantee for processing. Its main lemon-producing regions are Murcia, Valencia, and Andalusia. One of Spain’s main strengths as a lemon producer is its unique ability to grow and process fresh lemons all year round thanks to the region’s two varieties of lemon: Fino and Verna. The Fino lemon season runs from September to April and the Verna lemon season runs from May to July. This unique seasonality provides Spain with fresh lemon material all year round.

Of all the lemon material produced in Spain, around 25-30% goes towards processing for the juice and

essential oil industries. Between 2010 and 2021 an estimated 2.4 MMT of lemon were annually processed globally of which Spain accounted for approximately 17% and Argentina approximately 50% of total lemon processed in the world. In 2021, according to AILIMPO, global production of lemon oil was estimated at 10,340 MT of which Spain accounted for 1,451 MT and Argentina 6,000 MT.

The organic market plays a major role in Spanish lemon production. Organic farming operations have steadily increased over the last decade, with 20% of the total lemon area in Spain now being organic. Spain is at the forefront of the world’s organic lemon market with more than 170,000 MT of organic lemons shipped from Spain each year. However, the recent economic downturn has led to stable if not declining demand for organic lemon products. The future of Spanish lemon production is firmly rooted in sustainability. Lemon has the lowest water footprint of any crop in Spain (271m³ /t), and its environmental efficiency has increased dramatically over the last 30 years.

Cinnamon Bark Oil Cinnamomum zeylanicum Harvest: May - December

Even though the current season is low season for cinnamon bark oil, material has been available. This could be due to the continuous rainy season. Prices remain stable.

Cinnamon Leaf Oil Cinnamomum zeylanicum Harvest: March - August

Cinnamomum zeylanicumDemand is low for this product while production is stable. Due to this situation lower prices have resulted.

Citronella Oil Cymbopogon nardus Harvest: May - December

There has been constant growth in demand for Ceylon citronella oil. Prices have been increasing in the past months.

Clove Bud Oil Syzygium aromaticum Harvest: January - February

Excessive rain continues to bring issues with this crop. There are challenges with drying the material, leading to loss in production. Prices continue to rise.

Nutmeg Oil Myristica fragrans Harvest: February - May

Prices of nutmeg oil have been increasing. Excessive rainfall is not supporting a good nutmeg crop.

Cedarwood Oil Texas Juniperus mexicana Harvest: All Year

At least 4-5 varieties of cedarwood are being sold in the market. The majority of buyers are not in the market for natural composition of oil produced. Customers demand special compositions of this oil. These require an intensive production process by re-blending various fractions and isolates to provide the required fragrance. It puts massive pressure on production costs. Suppliers don’t maintain stocks of cedarwood oil, and the lead times vary from 8 to 12 weeks, though a surge in demand has reduced these lead times.

Grapefruit Oil Citrus paradisi Harvest: December - April

Latest forecast from USDA in March for all USA grapefruit production is 8.10 M boxes, over 10% down from the previous season due to fruit drop caused by citrus greening and the high winds of Hurricane Ian last year. This forecast consists of 1.60 M boxes for Florida (1.44 M boxes of red grapefruit and 160,000 boxes of white grapefruit), 4.30 M boxes for California, and 2.20 M boxes for Texas.

Grapefruit growing areas have decreased over time, reducing availability of all oil types, particularly grapefruit oil white, making many customers remove grapefruit oils from their formulas. This has given fresh fruit consumption the advantage in the market, leaving very little material for the processing industry.

USA ESTIMATED GRAPEFRUIT PRODUCTION 2019/2020 TO 2022/2023 FORECAST (‘000 BOXES)

Lemon Oil Citrus limon (L.) Burm. F. Harvest: May - July

The March USDA USA total lemon production forecast for 2022/23 stands at 23.50 M boxes. Arizona production stands at 1.50 M boxes, up from 950,000 boxes final production in 2021/22. The forecast for California production went down from 24.9 M boxes in the 2021/2022 season to 22 M boxes.

USA ESTIMATED LEMON PRODUCTION 2019/2020 TO 2022/2023 FORECAST (‘000 BOXES)

Orange Oil Citrus sinensis Harvest: February - May

According to the USDA March 2023 forecast, total USA orange 2022-2023 production is estimated at 63.35 million boxes (M boxes):

• 16.10 M boxes for Florida, with 6.10 M boxes of non-Valencia oranges (early, mid-season, and Navel varieties), and 10.0 M boxes of Valencia oranges;
• 46.10 M boxes for California, over twice as many oranges as Florida in 2022/2023, with 38.00 M boxes of non-Valencia oranges (early, mid-season, and Navel varieties), and 8.10 M boxes of Valencia oranges; and
• 1.15 M boxes for Texas.

All Florida production is estimated down 61% compared to last season’s final production mainly due to fruit drop caused by citrus greening and high winds from hurricanes. Hurricane Ian first and then Nicole made landfall along the Southwestern coast of Florida and affected four of the largest citrus growing counties. Moreover, the citrus growing region experienced cold temperatures at the beginning of the bloom period causing widespread frost damage to leaves, twigs and bloom in many groves, followed by drought in all areas. The unfavourable weather conditions caused the fruit set to be less and the fruit sizes to be smaller than most seasons. Moreover, orange production continues to decline in Florida due to greening. Thus, real estate developments are growing and many of the citrus groves are now used to build commercial buildings and homes for a growing population.

Since Florida processes about 90% of their crop, lower production volume represents less fruit going to processing, affecting the global supply of juice, orange oil and other byproducts. This has caused the USA moving down in rank to the third spot in the processing of oranges, overtaken by Mexico.

Orange Processing for Selected Countries

The orange oil market remains firm, with strong demand and supply at historical low volumes. And until safety stocks are recovered it is unlikely that oil producers will be able to keep up with worldwide demand alongside other variables, including inconsistent weather and global events. Thus, price is on the increase, not only due to the imbalance of demand and supply, but also to inflation and to an increase in labour and maintenance of the groves and trees costs.

USA ESTIMATED ORANGE PRODUCTION 2019/2020 TO 2022/2023 FORECAST (‘000 BOXES)