MARKET REPORT SUMMER 2025

CITRUS SPLASH
A Fragrant Awakening

Discover the latest insights on key essential oils from across the globe in our feature-packed downloadable edition, which highlights our enriching journey through SIMPPAR 2025 in Paris, where our team celebrated in timeless 1920s style. We also feature the vibrant citrus season experienced firsthand in the fragrant groves of Tucumán, Argentina, during the IFEAT Study Tour.

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Argentina

Lemon Oil Citrus limon (L.) Burm. F. Harvest: May - July

Argentina lemon oil industry continues to face significant challenges in the 2024/25 season. Fresh lemon production is projected to decline by approximately 10 percent reaching around 1.4 million metric tons. This reduction is primarily due to unfavourable rainfall during the blooming period, which adversely affected fruit development and quality. Economic pressures, including inflation, high production costs, and complex logistics, have led to decreased profitability for growers. Consequently, some producers have abandoned lemon cultivation, with reports indicating that approximately 11,000 hectares of lemon trees have been neglected and an additional 12,000 hectares removed. These factors have contributed to a rise in lemon oil prices. Additionally, new local taxes
and export duties have further strained the market. Despite these challenges, Argentina remains a key player in the global lemon oil market, accounting for a significant portion of the world’s industrial lemon processing. The northwest provinces of Tucumán, Salta, and Jujuy continues to be the primary production areas.

Market prices :USD 16.00 /kilo

Brazil

Orange Oil CP Citrus sinensis Harvest: July - December

Brazil’s upcoming orange crop is showing real signs of recovery, with Fundecitrus forecasting a 36% increase over last year. The 2025–2026 season is expected to reach 314.6 million boxes which is a return to the ten-year average and a welcome shift after several tough seasons. Average fruit weights are down a little, but overall productivity is up, especially in the Southwest region. Growers have reinvested in grove care, improving irrigation and pest control following better returns last season but it should be noted that fruit drop is expected to be higher than usual at around 20%.

Market prices : USD 15.00 /kilo

China

Eucalyptus Oil Eucalyptus globulus Harvest: July - October

China continues to dominate global eucalyptus oil production, supplying about 75 percent of the world’s demand. In 2025, the market is valued at approximately USD 159.39 million and is projected to reach USD 218.82 million by 2030, growing at a CAGR of 6.6 percent. The oil’s applications span medicine, daily chemicals, and spices. Strong domestic demand, particularly from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is contributing to firm prices. The market’s growth is driven by the oil’s antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, making it a staple in various industries.

Market prices : USD 11.00 /kilo

Star Anise Oil Illicium verum Harvest: March - May, November - December

The star anise oil market in China is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing demand in pharmaceuticals and traditional medicine. The global market size is projected to reach USD 214.10 million by 2030, registering a CAGR of 3.4 percent. China’s focus on meeting stricter quality requirements, especially for regulated export markets, is enhancing its global competitiveness. Technological advancements in species verification and chemical profiling have improved product quality, restoring market confidence.

Market prices : USD 20.00 /kilo

Eastern Europe

Coriander Herb Oil Corriandrum sativum L. Harvest: July - August

Coriander oil production in Eastern Europe, particularly in Bulgaria and Ukraine, has experienced a significant decline of approximately 30 percent compared to the previous year. This downturn is attributed to adverse weather conditions, including prolonged droughts and unexpected frosts during the critical growth phases of the coriander plant. These climatic challenges have led to reduced seed yields, directly impacting the volume of oil extracted. The reduced availability has prompted farmers and traders to adopt stockpiling strategies, anticipating further price increases due to the constrained supply. This behaviour has led to a sharp decrease in export volumes, affecting international markets reliant on Eastern European coriander oil.

Market prices : USD 84.00 /kilo

Fennel Seed Oil Foeniculum vulgare Harvest: March - June, October - November

Fennel oil production has remained relatively stable across Eastern Europe, with countries like Bulgaria and Romania maintaining consistent output levels. However, the industry faces challenges due to increasing shipping delays and logistical disruptions stemming from geopolitical tensions in the region. These disruptions have led to an estimated 5–7 percent increase in landed costs for international buyers, as rerouted shipments and extended delivery times become more common.

Market prices : USD 65.00 /kilo

Egypt

Basil Oil Ocimum basilicum Harvest: March - October

Basil oil production in Egypt is stable, with steady demand from flavor, fragrance, and culinary sectors. Producers are maintaining price stability by expanding organically certified acreage to meet stringent EU buyer requirements.

Market prices : On Request

Geranium Oil Pelargonium graveolens Harvest: June - July

Geranium oil is seeing high demand, especially from perfumery and aromatherapy sectors. Favorable weather has supported good harvest. Egypt is actively expanding distillation capacity to accommodate rising global interest.

Market prices : USD 121.00 /kilo

Guatemala

Cardamom Oil Elettaria cardamomum Harvest: September - December

Production is projected to decline by approximately 44 percent, bringing total output down to an estimated 17,000–20,000 tonnes. This reduction is primarily due to drought conditions and pest infestations, notably thrips, which have adversely affected the crop. The market is also experiencing increased volatility, with prices fluctuating frequently due to the inconsistent quality of the available crop.

Market prices : USD 950.00 /kilo

India

Basil Oil Holy Ocimum sanctum Harvest: November - February

Holy Basil Oil prices demonstrated a positive trajectory throughout the April–June 2025 period. With favorable
weather supporting the crop, distillation commenced and continued through April, with strong market expectations for healthy crop arrivals. The oil’s value in aromatherapy, personal care, and wellness products has kept demand consistently high. As a result, prices are projected to test resistance levels in the months ahead. Given the prevailing positive sentiment and limited supply growth, the bullish outlook for Holy Basil Oil is likely to persist short term.

Market prices : On Request

Cardamom Oil Elettaria cardamomum Harvest: September - December

Cardamom oil prices in India have remained stable during this period. The market trend is stable to slightly sluggish in the near term. Recent rains in Kerala’s cardamom-growing areas, especially Idukki, have improved crop health and boosted harvest prospects. Daily average arrivals are around 30–50 MT, with the quality of
the cardamom observed to be average. Prices increased by mid-March compared to early March and have remained stable since. Given the current market conditions, prices are anticipated to remain firm with an upward trend.

Market prices : USD 25.00 /kilo

Citronella Oil Cymbopogon winterianus

Citronella oil prices in India reached new highs, exhibiting a strong upward movement. The bullish trend is expected to continue in the coming months, driven by tight supply and strong demand . Production has commenced; however, raw material shortages continue to limit supply. High demand, particularly for its insect -repellent properties, is steadily driving prices upward. Globally, the citronella oil market is projected to grow at a CAGR of 5.47 percent from 2025 to 2034, reaching approximately USD 233.93 million by 2034. In India, the market is experiencing consistent demand from both domestic and international markets, despite high production and labor costs making production an expensive proposition. Overall, the market is characterized by sustained price rise.

Market prices : USD 25.00 /kilo

Clove oil Syzygium aromaticum

Clove oil prices have remained stable at higher levels throughout this period. The short-term outlook is strong and stable, with firm price levels expected to continue. Demand remains steady and consistent across key markets. The price outlook is stable to bullish, supported by solid demand and minimal supply changes.

Market prices : USD 47.00 /kilo

Cornmint Oil

Mentha arvensis oil production has remained relatively steady, but synthetic menthol competition is increasing sharply. Many downstream buyers in oral care, pharma, and confectionery are shifting to synthetic variants to hedge against price volatility. Despite stable crop acreage, Indian producers are facing tighter margins as synthetic supply undercuts prices. Nevertheless, natural-product segments, particularly in aromatherapy and wellness, continue to prioritize genuine cornmint oil, sustaining niche demand even as mainstream usage softens.

Market prices : USD 21.00 /kilo

Cumin Seed Oil Cuminum cyminum Harvest: May - June

Cumin oil prices have remained stable during this period. The short-term outlook indicates that the price trend is expected to stay stable and consistent. Bullish trends are observed due to strong export demand and expected lower domestic production. India’s cumin production for 2025 is expected to be 20-25% lower than last year. Gujarat’s harvest is in full swing, while harvesting activities in Rajasthan have only just started. Carry-forward stocks from the robust 2024 crop are anticipated to support price stability.

Market prices : USD 65.00 /kilo

Davana Oil Artemisia Pallens Harvest: February - April

The Indian Davana Oil market experienced a sharp price increase from April to June 2025, driven by a lower-than-expected harvest and intense summer heat that affected both yields and quality. The currentseason, which ended in May, saw reduced output in major regions like Karnataka, with total production estimated around 7 metric tons compared to the usual 12– 15 metric tons. High-davanone content material is particularly scarce, contributing to premium pricing. Distillation had begun across key regions, but the scarcity of top quality oil persists. With demand remaining firm and no new crop expected soon, prices are forecast to remain elevated through the coming months.

Market prices : USD 590.00 /kilo

Ginger Oil Zingiber officinale Harvest: January - April

Ginger oil prices have experienced a slight decline during this period. The market outlook is stable with a slightly bullish tone expected to prevail going forward. Limited availability of extraction-grade raw material has caused mild price firming. The market direction will largely depend on the sustained availability of extraction-grade raw material. Despite the current price trend, ginger oil continues to gain market traction due to increased demand for natural disinfectants and skincare solutions.

Market prices : USD 87.00 /kilo

Lemongrass Oil Cymbopogon citratus Harvest: July - November

The Indian lemongrass oil market exhibited a moderately bullish trend, underpinned by steady demand across cosmetics, aromatherapy, and natural product sectors. Prices remained stable and firm, bolstered by consistent buyer interest despite minor supply fluctuations. The market’s resilience is attributed to its diverse applications, ranging from personal care to food and beverages. Overall, the outlook remains positive, with sustained interest from buyers maintaining market strength

Market prices : USD 20.00 /kilo

Nutmeg Oil Myristica fragrans Harvest: June - August

The nutmeg oil market in India has exhibited notable stability in raw material prices during this quarter. Fresh arrivals from the new crop season have commenced, contributing to market activity. However, the overall crop volume may be lower due to unfavorable weather conditions. Despite these factors, prices have remained stable over the last two weeks. The market trend indicates a bullish short-term outlook, supported by strengthening demand and prevailing uncertainty in the broader market.

Market prices : USD 50.00 /kilo

Turmeric Oil Curcuma longa

Turmeric Oil maintained a stable price trend during April and May 2025. Despite this dip, both domestic and export demand remain robust. Market forecasts suggest prices may increase before the next harvest cycle, driven by tightening supply and strong demand.

Market prices : USD (Root) 12.00 (Leaf) 22.00 /kilo

Vetiver Oil Vetiveria zizanoides Harvest: All Year

Vetiver Oil witnessed a mildly positive market trend over the past quarter, with prices recovering steadily after earlier softness. Harvesting operations were underway across all major production zones, ensuring stable supply streams. Market demand for Vetiver oil remains strong, particularly from the personal care, spa, and relaxation sectors.

Market prices :USD 345.00 /kilo

Indonesia

Citronella Oil Cymbopogon winterianus Harvest: October - February

Indonesia’s citronella oil market remains robust, with stable production volumes supporting both domestic and export channels. Alongside China, Indonesia accounts for roughly 40 percent of global citronella supply. However, rising production costs, especially for labor and transportation, are squeezing margins. Local producers are also dealing with regulatory pressures to improve quality, as international buyers demand stricter contamination and pesticide limits.

Market prices : USD 25.00 /kilo

Clove Leaf Oil Syzygium aromaticum

Indonesia leads global clove oil production, with key growing areas in the Maluku Islands, Sulawesi, Java, and Sumatra. Harvests in 2025 have been plentiful, particularly in Sulawesi, leading to stable production and slight downward price pressures. Global demand remains strong across food, fragrance, and dental sectors, though price competition from Madagascar and Sri Lanka is increasing.

Market prices : USD 16.00 /kilo

Nutmeg Oil Myristica fragrans Harvest: All Year

The latest harvest has concluded smoothly, with the next crop cycle set to begin in September. Favorable weather conditions meant this season’s production proceeded without major disruptions, ensuring stable output from both major producing regions. Recent improvements in distillation techniques and quality control processes have further enhanced the consistency and purity of available nutmeg oil. Producers are placing increased emphasis on
organoleptic quality and strict adherence to international regulatory standards, supporting strong demand across premium markets.

Market prices : USD 68.00 /kilo

Patchouli Oil Pogostemon cablin Harvest: All Year

Indonesia dominates global patchouli oil supply, accounting for over 85 percent of global volumes. Despite stable harvests in Sulawesi and Sumatra, logistical bottlenecks and unpredictable weather patterns have caused supply chain disruptions, pushing patchouli oil prices up by 8–10 percent since late 2024. Demand for well-aged, high-quality material continues to outstrip supply, commanding significant market premiums. Exporters are focusing on
sustainable farming practices to meet the growing demand for traceable, ethically produced patchouli.

Market prices : USD 100.00 /kilo

Vetiver Oil Vetiveria zizanioides Harvest: January - July

Indonesian vetiver oil, produced mainly in Java and Sumatra, has emerged as a strong alternative to Haitian supply. Indonesian producers are scaling operations cautiously, balancing between meeting rising demand and protecting long-term soil and water sustainability.

Market prices : USD 295.00 /kilo

Italy

Lemon Oil Citrus limon (L.) Burm. F. Harvest: November - January, April - July

Lemon oil production, mainly from Sicily and Calabria, continues to enjoy a reputation for premium quality, especially for high-end perfumery and food use. Although inconsistent rainfall and rising temperatures affected yields slightly in early 2025, production volumes remain relatively stable compared to last year. Prices have increased, reflecting solid European demand and tightness in alternative supply markets. Italian lemon oil, prized for its aldehyde and limonene concentration, continues to hold a premium in export markets.

Market prices : USD 24.00 /kilo

South Africa

Grapefruit Oil Citrus paradisi Harvest: December - April

South Africa’s grapefruit oil production remains limited due to its reliance on surplus or offgrade fruit, resulting in inconsistent supply. The oil holds minimal influence on global pricing and is utilized opportunistically. The use of pesticides can affect oil quality, reducing its appeal for clean-label and organic applications.

Market prices : USD 25.00 /kilo

Lemon Oil Citrus limon (L.) Burm. F. Harvest: July - September

South Africa’s lemon oil sector faces challenges in 2025, with heavy rains delaying the harvest by approximately three weeks. This delay primarily affects fresh fruit picking, but oil output is still expected to decline by 10-15 percent. Growers prioritize fresh fruit sales, leaving limited volumes for oil production.

Market prices : USD 10.00 /kilo

Spain

Lemon Oil Citrus limon (L.) Burm. F. Harvest: November - July

Spain’s lemon oil sector is facing a 21 percent production drop this season, with a sharper 31 percent reduction in
Verna lemons. The reduced harvest is easing oversupply pressures from last year, but market participants remain
wary of climate volatility and price swings. Spanish lemon oil remains a premium product, especially in organic certified form, commanding strong prices in EU markets.

Market prices : USD 20.00 /kilo